Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following sentences would be a good topic sentence?

• A. Ultimately, you will find that getting it just right can be surprisingly satisfying.
• B. Cooking requires a number of different skills that can be learned and practiced.
• C. One of the first things you will need as a chef is a good set of well-sharpened knives.
• D. Of course, it can take a while to get the hang of chopping vegetables efficiently.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The sentence 'Cooking requires a number of different skills that can be learned and practiced' effectively introduces the main idea of the paragraph, making it a strong topic sentence. Choice A is vague and does not clearly establish the central theme. Choice C focuses on a specific tool rather than the broader concept of cooking skills. Choice D is more about the process of learning a particular skill rather than encompassing the range of skills needed for cooking.

2. Which of the following statements about heat engines is true?

• A. Heat engines are the most common type of engine.
• B. Pneumatic and hydraulic motors are both types of electric engines.
• C. The three types of engines are heat engines, electric engines, and pneumatic motors.
• D. Heat engines can be broken down into combustion and non-combustion engines.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The statement that 'Heat engines can be broken down into combustion and non-combustion engines' is correct. Heat engines can indeed be categorized into combustion engines, where fuel combustion occurs, and non-combustion engines, such as steam engines, where heat is applied without combustion. This categorization helps in understanding the different mechanisms and types of heat engines available. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A is incorrect as heat engines are not the most common type of engine; internal combustion engines are more prevalent. Choice B is incorrect as pneumatic and hydraulic motors are not types of electric engines, but rather different systems that use gas (pneumatic) or liquid (hydraulic) to transmit power. Choice C is incorrect as it lists electric engines, which are not a primary classification of engines like heat engines, but rather a type of engine that uses electricity to operate.

3. Identify the independent clause in the following sentence: 'While the chef prepared dinner, the guests chatted and enjoyed the music.'

• A. While the chef prepared dinner
• B. the guests chatted and enjoyed the music
• C. While the chef prepared dinner
• D. the guests chatted and enjoyed

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'B' - 'the guests chatted and enjoyed the music.' An independent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. It typically includes a subject and a verb and does not rely on another clause to form a complete sentence. In this sentence, 'the guests chatted and enjoyed the music' fits this criteria, making it the independent clause. Choices A and C are incorrect as they are dependent clauses, starting with a subordinating conjunction 'While,' which shows they cannot stand alone as complete sentences. Choice D is also incorrect as it lacks the word 'the' before 'enjoyed,' making it grammatically incomplete.

4. Which word choices will correctly complete the sentence? Increasing the price of bus fares has had a greater effect on ridership than expected.

• A. affect; then
• B. affect; than
• C. effect; then
• D. effect; than

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'effect; than.' In this sentence, 'effect' is the appropriate word to use as it signifies the result of increasing bus fares on ridership. Additionally, 'than' is the correct word for making a comparison. Choice A and B are incorrect as 'affect' is a verb, while 'effect' is the noun needed in this sentence. Choice C is incorrect as 'then' is used to indicate time or sequence, which is not suitable in this context.

5. Which of the following choices would be the best beginning for an essay titled “Scientists Debate: Global Climate Change”?

• A. The Earth is heating up. The polar ice caps are melting, and whole species are going extinct while governments and scientists argue over rules and regulations.
• B. The argument seems to be about whether climate change is really happening and if so, who causes it. Some scientists argue that people are causing the change.
• C. If the Earth heats up, what will our new world look like? Scientists who have dedicated their lives to understanding climate change have projected a series of scenarios that could happen.
• D. While few people can understand all of the issues related to climate change, one thing is sure: scientists do not agree. There seem to be several different views on how to look at climate change data.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Choice C would be the best beginning for an essay on 'Scientists Debate: Global Climate Change' because it sets the stage for discussion by introducing the potential consequences of Earth heating up and inviting readers to consider the implications. It also highlights the expertise of scientists who have dedicated their lives to understanding climate change, positioning them as credible sources for further discussion on the topic. The other choices either focus on the existing debate without providing a broader context (A and D) or present a narrow view on whether climate change is real and human-caused (B) without delving into the broader implications and discussions within the scientific community.

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