Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following sentences is an example of a complex sentence structure?

• A. Opening night for the performance was fast approaching, and stress levels were high.
• B. Because my tea was cold, I heated it in the microwave.
• C. She returned the laptop, the mouse, and the extra monitor.
• D. I closed the door as the noise from the TV was too loud, but I could still hear it.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. In sentence B, 'Because my tea was cold' is the dependent clause, indicating that it cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. Choices A, C, and D do not contain a dependent clause along with an independent clause, making them incorrect. Choice A is a compound sentence with two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction. Choice C is a compound sentence with a series of independent clauses, but lacks a dependent clause. Choice D is a compound-complex sentence with two independent clauses and a dependent clause.

2. What is the protective fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord?

• A. Blood
• B. Cerebrospinal fluid
• C. Myelin sheath
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cerebrospinal fluid is the protective fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It acts as a cushion to protect these vital organs from injury and provides nutrients and removes waste products. Blood, myelin sheath, and insulin do not serve as the protective fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Blood carries nutrients and oxygen to cells, myelin sheath is a protective covering of nerve fibers, and insulin is a hormone involved in regulating blood sugar levels.

3. What is the correct way to represent 8,600,000,000,000 in scientific notation with two significant figures?

• A. 8.6 x 10^12
• B. 8.6 x 10^-12
• C. 8.6 x 10^11
• D. 8.60 x 10^12

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct way to represent 8,600,000,000,000 in scientific notation with two significant figures is 8.6 x 10^12. Scientific notation involves expressing a number as a decimal (with one non-zero digit before the decimal point) multiplied by a power of 10. In this case, 8,600,000,000,000 is correctly written as 8.6 x 10^12 to maintain two significant figures and the appropriate magnitude. Choice B (8.6 x 10^-12) is incorrect as it represents a very small number due to the negative exponent. Choice C (8.6 x 10^11) is incorrect as it does not account for the magnitude of the original number. Choice D (8.60 x 10^12) is incorrect because it unnecessarily adds a zero after the decimal point, which is not warranted by the original number's precision.

4. The process by which an organism adapts to its environment through inherited traits is known as

• A. Acclimatization
• B. Behavioral ecology
• C. Natural selection
• D. Niche partitioning

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Acclimatization refers to the short-term physiological adjustments an individual organism makes in response to changes in its environment. This process is reversible and does not involve inherited traits. B) Behavioral ecology is the study of how behavior contributes to an organism's survival and reproduction in its environment. While behavior can be influenced by natural selection, it is not the process by which an organism adapts through inherited traits. C) Natural selection is the process by which organisms with advantageous traits for their environment are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on those traits to their offspring. Over time, this leads to the adaptation of populations to their environments. D) Niche partitioning is the process by which species divide resources to reduce competition within an ecosystem. While this can influence the evolution of species, it is not the process by which an organism adapts through inherited traits.

5. Which element is a critical component of DNA and RNA, essential for storing and transmitting genetic information?

• A. Oxygen
• B. Carbon
• C. Nitrogen
• D. Hydrogen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Carbon is the correct answer as it is a critical element in DNA and RNA, forming the backbone of these molecules. Its ability to form diverse bonds allows for efficient storage and transmission of genetic information. Oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen are also present in DNA and RNA but do not serve as the primary backbone element for these molecules. Oxygen is involved in the structure but not as the backbone element. Nitrogen is present in the bases of nucleotides, and hydrogen bonds help stabilize the structure.

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