Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following organs functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland?

• A. The kidney
• B. The spleen
• C. The pancreas
• D. The stomach

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The pancreas is the correct answer as it functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland. The endocrine function involves secreting insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream to regulate blood sugar levels, while the exocrine function involves releasing digestive enzymes into the small intestine to aid in digestion. The kidney (Choice A) primarily functions in the excretory system by filtering blood and producing urine. The spleen (Choice B) is involved in the immune system and blood storage but does not have endocrine or exocrine functions. The stomach (Choice D) is mainly an organ of the digestive system, secreting gastric juices to aid in digestion, but it does not have a dual endocrine and exocrine function like the pancreas.

2. At which of the following ages would ossification most likely take place to replace cartilage at the growth plate?

• A. 5
• B. 18
• C. 42
• D. 91

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ossification, the process where cartilage is replaced by bone, typically occurs during adolescence, around the age of 18. This is when the growth plates in the bones close, and the bones stop growing in length, leading to the replacement of cartilage with bone tissue. Choice A (5) is incorrect because ossification primarily occurs during adolescence, not early childhood. Choice C (42) is incorrect as ossification is completed well before this age, usually during the late teens or early twenties. Choice D (91) is incorrect as ossification is a process that occurs earlier in life, typically during adolescence, and is not a process that occurs in advanced age.

3. In aerobic respiration, how many ATP molecules are produced per molecule of FADH2?

• A. 1
• B. 2
• C. 3
• D. 4

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 2. During aerobic respiration, each molecule of FADH2 produces 2 ATP molecules. FADH2 enters the electron transport chain and contributes to the generation of ATP. Choice A (1), Choice C (3), and Choice D (4) are incorrect because FADH2 specifically yields 2 ATP molecules per molecule in the process of aerobic respiration.

4. What is the primary function of platelets in the blood?

• A. To carry oxygen
• B. To clot blood
• C. To fight infection
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To clot blood.' Platelets play a crucial role in the clotting process, forming a plug at the site of blood vessel injury to prevent excessive bleeding. While red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells fight infection, and nutrients are transported by plasma, platelets are specifically responsible for blood clotting. Choice A is incorrect because red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen. Choice C is incorrect because white blood cells are primarily involved in fighting infection. Choice D is incorrect as the transport of nutrients is mainly carried out by plasma, not platelets.

5. Which class of hormones is most likely to be released after a serious injury?

• A. Acetylcholine
• B. Oxytocin
• C. Luteinizing hormone
• D. Endorphins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Endorphins are the class of hormones most likely to be released after a serious injury. Endorphins are the body's natural pain relievers and are produced in response to stress or pain, helping to alleviate discomfort and promote a sense of well-being. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter, not a hormone. Oxytocin is mainly involved in childbirth and lactation. Luteinizing hormone is involved in reproductive functions such as ovulation. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of a hormone release following a serious injury.

Similar Questions