Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following minerals is important for bone health and is stored in bones by the skeletal system?

• A. Iron
• B. Sodium
• C. Calcium
• D. Magnesium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Calcium (Choice C). Calcium is essential for bone health and is stored in bones by the skeletal system. Bones act as a reservoir for calcium, playing a critical role in maintaining bone strength and density. Iron, sodium, and magnesium are important for various bodily functions but are not primarily stored in bones for bone health. Iron is crucial for oxygen transport, sodium helps regulate fluid balance, and magnesium is involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions in the body.

2. Which of the following functions is not controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

• A. Digestion
• B. Walking
• C. Heartbeat
• D. Temperature regulation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Walking. Walking is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Walking is a voluntary action governed by the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary skeletal muscle movement. The autonomic nervous system, on the other hand, regulates functions that are involuntary, such as digestion, heartbeat, and temperature regulation. Choices A, C, and D are all functions controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Digestion involves processes like peristalsis and secretion of digestive enzymes, heartbeat is regulated by the autonomic nervous system to maintain blood pressure and circulation, and temperature regulation includes responses like sweating or shivering to maintain body temperature within a narrow range.

3. What is the process of cells dividing to produce new cells called?

• A. Cell division
• B. Cell differentiation
• C. Cell growth
• D. Cell regeneration

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cell division is the correct answer. It is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells, enabling growth, repair, and reproduction in living organisms. This process ensures that genetic material is accurately passed on to the new cells. Cell differentiation refers to the specialization of cells to perform specific functions, while cell growth is the increase in size or mass of a cell. Cell regeneration involves replacing damaged or lost cells with new ones, where cell division plays a role but is not the primary process of generating new cells. Therefore, in the context of cells producing new cells, cell division is the accurate term.

4. The van't Hoff factor (i) accounts for the number of particles a solute dissociates into in solution. For a compound that dissociates completely in water, i would be...

• A. 0
• B. Less than 1
• C. 1
• D. More than 1

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The van't Hoff factor (i) represents the number of particles a solute dissociates into in solution. For a compound that dissociates completely in water, i would be more than 1 because it breaks apart into more particles than the original compound. This is due to complete dissociation leading to an increase in the number of particles in solution, resulting in i being greater than 1. Choice A is incorrect as a compound that dissociates completely will not have an i value of 0. Choice B is incorrect because when a compound dissociates completely, the van't Hoff factor is not less than 1. Choice C is incorrect as a compound that dissociates completely will not have an i value of 1, but rather more than 1 due to the increased number of particles in solution.

5. What is the primary function of white blood cells?

• A. To carry oxygen
• B. To fight infection
• C. To transport nutrients
• D. To transport waste

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "To fight infection." White blood cells are primarily responsible for fighting infections and foreign invaders in the body, making them a critical component of the immune system. Choice A, "To carry oxygen," is incorrect as red blood cells are responsible for oxygen transport. Choice C, "To transport nutrients," is incorrect as this function is mainly attributed to blood plasma and other specialized cells. Choice D, "To transport waste," is also incorrect as waste removal is primarily handled by the kidneys and the lymphatic system, not white blood cells.

Similar Questions