Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following minerals is important for bone health and is stored in bones by the skeletal system?

• A. Iron
• B. Sodium
• C. Calcium
• D. Magnesium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Calcium (Choice C). Calcium is essential for bone health and is stored in bones by the skeletal system. Bones act as a reservoir for calcium, playing a critical role in maintaining bone strength and density. Iron, sodium, and magnesium are important for various bodily functions but are not primarily stored in bones for bone health. Iron is crucial for oxygen transport, sodium helps regulate fluid balance, and magnesium is involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions in the body.

2. What is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher functions like thinking, memory, and learning?

• A. Brainstem
• B. Cerebellum
• C. Cerebrum
• D. Thalamus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The cerebrum is the correct answer. It is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher functions like thinking, memory, and learning. The brainstem (option A) is responsible for basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate, not higher cognitive functions. The cerebellum (option B) is responsible for coordination and balance, not higher cognitive functions. The thalamus (option D) acts as a relay station for sensory information, but it is not the largest part of the brain nor responsible for higher cognitive functions.

3. What happens when an atom loses an electron?

• A. It forms a molecule.
• B. It gains a positive charge and becomes an ion.
• C. It alters its elemental identity.
• D. No change occurs; it remains neutral.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When an atom loses an electron, it gains a positive charge and becomes an ion. This occurs because the number of protons in the atom exceeds the number of electrons, leading to a positive charge. Therefore, the atom undergoes a transformation into an ion by losing an electron. Choice A is incorrect because losing an electron does not result in the formation of a molecule, as molecules are made up of bonded atoms. Choice C is incorrect because losing an electron does not change the fundamental identity of the atom; it only changes its charge. Choice D is incorrect because losing an electron causes the atom to become positively charged, altering its neutrality.

4. How many amino acids can make up a protein?

• A. 10-20
• B. 50-100
• C. 100-500
• D. 1000+

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids, and there are 20 standard amino acids commonly found in proteins. The sequence and arrangement of these amino acids determine the structure and function of a protein. While proteins can vary in size and complexity, the number of amino acids typically ranges from around 10 to 20 in smaller proteins to hundreds or even thousands in larger proteins. Therefore, the range of 10-20 amino acids is the most accurate representation of the number of amino acids that can make up a protein. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they provide ranges that are beyond the typical number of amino acids found in proteins and may lead to confusion. The correct answer is A (10-20).

5. What is the term for the shedding of the outermost layer of the epidermis?

• A. Desquamation
• B. Exfoliation
• C. Keratinization
• D. Epidermolysis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Desquamation is the correct term for the shedding of the outermost layer of the epidermis. This process is essential for skin renewal, allowing the removal of dead skin cells from the skin's surface. Exfoliation, on the other hand, involves the removal of dead skin cells through mechanical or chemical methods. Keratinization refers to the process where skin cells produce the protein keratin, contributing to the skin's protective barrier. Epidermolysis is a condition characterized by the separation of the epidermis from the dermis due to a structural defect in the skin.

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