Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a consequence of bone marrow failure?

• A. Seizures.
• B. Pancytopenia.
• C. Paraplegia.
• D. Pathologic fractures.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The corrected question focuses on the consequence of bone marrow failure, which is pancytopenia. Bone marrow failure results in decreased production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, leading to pancytopenia. This condition manifests as fatigue, weakness, increased infection susceptibility, and bleeding tendencies. Paraplegia, seizures, and pathologic fractures are not typical outcomes of bone marrow failure. Paraplegia is associated with spinal cord injury, seizures with neurological disorders, and pathologic fractures with conditions like osteoporosis or bone tumors.

2. Which of the following is a balanced chemical equation?

• A. H2 + O2 → H2O
• B. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
• C. 3H2O → 2H2 + O2
• D. H2O → H2 + O2

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A balanced chemical equation must have the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. In option B, 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O, the equation is balanced as there are 2 hydrogen atoms and 2 oxygen atoms on both the reactant and product sides after balancing, satisfying the law of conservation of mass. Option A is unbalanced as there are 2 oxygen atoms on the reactant side but only 1 oxygen atom on the product side. Option C is unbalanced with 3 hydrogen atoms on the reactant side and 2 hydrogen atoms on the product side. Option D is unbalanced with 1 oxygen atom on the reactant side and 2 oxygen atoms on the product side.

3. The gradual change in a species over time is called:

• A. Adaptation
• B. Evolution
• C. Speciation
• D. Natural selection

Correct answer: B

Rationale: - Adaptation refers to the process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment over time. While adaptation is a component of evolution, it specifically refers to the changes that help a species survive and reproduce in its environment. - Speciation is the process by which new species arise from a single ancestral species. It involves the evolution of reproductive isolation between populations. - Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the increase in frequency of those traits in a population. - Evolution is the gradual change in a species over time, encompassing all the processes such as adaptation, speciation, and natural selection that drive these changes.

4. Which of the following joints allows for side-to-side bending movements?

• A. Hinge joint
• B. Ball-and-socket joint
• C. Gliding joint
• D. Saddle joint

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Gliding joint. Gliding joints allow for side-to-side bending movements. These joints are found between the small bones of the wrist and ankle, allowing for flexibility and movement in multiple directions. Hinge joints (A) enable movement in one plane, akin to a door hinge. Ball-and-socket joints (B) allow for a wide range of motion across multiple directions. Saddle joints (D) facilitate movement in two planes.

5. Which system's primary function is protection, sensory reception, thermoregulation, osmoregulation, insulation, and vitamin D absorption?

• A. Nervous system
• B. Integumentary system
• C. Endocrine system
• D. Digestive system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Integumentary system (Option B). The integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, nails, and glands, serves various functions such as providing protection against external factors, sensory reception, regulating body temperature (thermoregulation), maintaining water balance (osmoregulation), insulating the body, and absorbing vitamin D from sunlight. The nervous system (Option A) is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body. The endocrine system (Option C) produces and secretes hormones to regulate bodily functions. The digestive system (Option D) is involved in breaking down food for nutrient absorption. Therefore, the primary functions described in the question align with those of the integumentary system, making it the correct choice.

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