Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

• A. To absorb oxygen
• B. To transport nutrients
• C. To produce sound and speech
• D. To regulate blood pressure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to absorb oxygen from the air into the bloodstream and expel carbon dioxide from the body. This process is essential for cellular respiration and the production of energy in the body. Option A, 'To absorb oxygen,' aligns with this crucial function, making it the correct choice. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the primary function of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is not responsible for transporting nutrients (choice B), producing sound and speech (choice C), or regulating blood pressure (choice D).

2. What is the function of the gallbladder in the digestive system?

• A. To produce bile
• B. To store and concentrate bile
• C. To detoxify harmful substances
• D. To regulate blood sugar

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The gallbladder's main function is to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver. Bile is essential for the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as the gallbladder acts as a reservoir for bile rather than producing it. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the gallbladder does not produce bile, detoxify harmful substances, or regulate blood sugar in the digestive system.

3. What is the function of the pituitary gland?

• A. Regulating metabolism
• B. Producing bile
• C. Filtering blood
• D. Controlling muscle movement

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The pituitary gland, known as the 'master gland,' plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes by secreting hormones that control other endocrine glands. This includes the regulation of metabolism, growth, reproduction, stress response, and more. Therefore, the correct function of the pituitary gland is regulating metabolism, making choice A the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the pituitary gland is not involved in producing bile, filtering blood, or controlling muscle movement.

4. What is a common finding in a whiplash injury?

• A. Cardiopulmonary issues
• B. Side-to-side spinal curvature
• C. Eventual herniation of discs
• D. Traumatic injury to ligaments

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A common finding in a whiplash injury is a traumatic injury to ligaments. Whiplash occurs due to sudden hyperextension and hyperflexion of the neck, leading to strain or tearing of ligaments in the neck. This can manifest as neck pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion. While other complications like cardiopulmonary problems, side-to-side spinal curvature, or eventual herniation of discs are not typically associated with whiplash injuries.

5. What type of joint is found at the elbow?

• A. Ball and socket
• B. Hinge
• C. Pivot
• D. Saddle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hinge. A hinge joint, such as the one found at the elbow, allows for movement primarily in one plane, enabling flexion and extension similar to the movement of a door hinge. This joint structure permits bending and straightening of the arm, controlling the range of motion in a specific direction. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A ball and socket joint allows for multi-axial movement like the hip joint, a pivot joint allows for rotation around an axis like the joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae, and a saddle joint allows for movement in two planes at right angles to each other like the joint at the base of the thumb.

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