Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the heart?

• A. Filtering blood
• B. Exchanging gases
• C. Pumping blood throughout the body
• D. Producing hormones

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The main function of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body. The heart acts as a muscular pump that circulates blood, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues and removing waste products. Option A is incorrect because blood filtration is a function of the kidneys, not the heart. Option B is incorrect as gas exchange occurs in the lungs, not the heart. Option D is also incorrect as hormone production is mainly carried out by endocrine glands, not the heart.

2. Which of the following factors can contribute to erectile dysfunction in males?

• A. Diabetes
• B. Cardiovascular disease
• C. Neurological disorders
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Erectile dysfunction can be caused by various factors, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders. These conditions can impact blood flow, nerve function, and hormone levels, all crucial for achieving and maintaining an erection. Diabetes can lead to nerve damage and affect blood circulation. Cardiovascular disease can restrict blood flow to the penis. Neurological disorders can interfere with the transmission of nerve signals between the brain and the reproductive organs. Therefore, all the factors mentioned in options A, B, and C can contribute to erectile dysfunction in males.

3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a chemical reaction?

• A. Formation of new substances
• B. Release or absorption of energy
• C. Change in color
• D. Change in temperature

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A change in color is not always a characteristic of a chemical reaction. While some chemical reactions may result in a change in color, it is not a universal characteristic of all chemical reactions. The formation of new substances, release or absorption of energy, and change in temperature are commonly associated with chemical reactions. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as it does not always occur in every chemical reaction.

4. The chemical equation below is unbalanced. When it is properly balanced, how many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) are produced for each molecule of propane (C3H8) in the reaction? 3C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

• A. One Half.
• B. Two.
• C. Three.
• D. Five.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of propane is: 3C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O. This equation shows that for every 3 molecules of propane (C3H8) consumed, 3 molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) are produced. Therefore, when properly balanced, 3CO2 are produced for each molecule of propane used. Thus, the correct answer is B: Two. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct stoichiometry as determined by the balanced equation.

5. Which of the following is a special property of water?

• A. Water does not easily flow through phospholipid bilayers.
• B. A water molecule's oxygen atom does not allow fish to breathe.
• C. Water is highly cohesive, which explains its high melting point.
• D. Water cannot self-hydrolyze and decompose into hydrogen and oxygen.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Water is highly cohesive, meaning it is attracted to itself due to its hydrogen bonding properties. This cohesion is the reason why water has a high melting point compared to other liquids of similar molecular weight. It is crucial for the existence of life on Earth as it allows water to remain a liquid within a wide range of temperatures, providing a stable environment for biological processes to occur. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Water's cohesive property does not directly relate to its ability to flow through phospholipid bilayers, assist fish in breathing, or self-hydrolyze into hydrogen and oxygen.

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