Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following structures is located in the pelvic cavity?

• A. The kidneys
• B. The colon
• C. The bladder
• D. The rectum

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the bladder. The bladder is situated in the pelvic cavity, specifically in the lower part of the abdomen. The kidneys are positioned higher up in the abdominal cavity, not in the pelvic region. The colon and rectum are part of the large intestine and are primarily located in the abdominal cavity, not the pelvic cavity. Therefore, the bladder is the only structure listed that is anatomically situated in the pelvic cavity.

2. Which of the following is a characteristic of an interneuron?

• A. Forms neural circuits
• B. Interacts with effectors
• C. Sends impulses to the CNS
• D. Functions as an efferent nerve cell

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct characteristic of an interneuron is that it forms neural circuits, connecting sensory and motor neurons within the central nervous system. Interneurons facilitate communication between different neurons in the central nervous system, helping in the processing and integration of signals. Choice B is incorrect as interneurons primarily interact with other neurons, not effectors. Choice C is incorrect as interneurons typically do not send impulses to the CNS; they operate within the CNS. Choice D is incorrect as interneurons are not efferent nerve cells; they are mainly involved in processing signals within the CNS rather than transmitting signals to effectors.

3. Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response?

• A. Somatic nervous system
• B. Parasympathetic nervous system
• C. Sympathetic nervous system
• D. Enteric nervous system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response, triggering the body's automatic response to a perceived threat or danger. This system initiates physiological changes like increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and the release of adrenaline, preparing the body to confront or escape the threat. The somatic nervous system (Choice A) controls voluntary movements, the parasympathetic nervous system (Choice B) is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response to promote relaxation and digestion, and the enteric nervous system (Choice D) regulates the gastrointestinal system. Therefore, they are not associated with the 'fight-or-flight' response.

4. What is the term for the process of a liquid changing into a gas?

• A. Evaporation
• B. Boiling
• C. Condensation
• D. Sublimation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Evaporation.' Evaporation is the process by which a liquid changes into a gas at any temperature, while boiling specifically refers to the rapid vaporization of a liquid only at its boiling point. Condensation is the opposite process of gas turning into a liquid, and sublimation is the direct transition from solid to gas without passing through the liquid phase.

5. What is the main function of the small intestine?

• A. To store food and break it down into smaller pieces
• B. To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
• C. To produce enzymes that help digest food
• D. To eliminate waste products from the body

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine is a crucial part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream. This absorption primarily occurs through the villi lining the small intestine, which increases the surface area available for nutrient absorption. Nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals are absorbed into the bloodstream to support various bodily functions such as energy production, growth, and repair. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately depict the primary function of the small intestine, which is nutrient absorption.

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