Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following components is found in DNA?

• A. Uracil
• B. Deoxyribose
• C. Guanine
• D. Phosphate group

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Deoxyribose. DNA is composed of nucleotides containing deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine). Deoxyribose is the sugar component specific to DNA, while ribose is found in RNA. Guanine (choice C) is a nitrogenous base present in both DNA and RNA. Uracil (choice A) is a nitrogenous base specific to RNA, replacing thymine found in DNA. The phosphate group (choice D) is an essential part of nucleotides in both DNA and RNA, providing the backbone structure for the nucleic acid chains.

2. What property of a substance remains constant regardless of changes in gravity?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Volume
• D. Density

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of changes in gravity. Weight, on the other hand, is a measure of the gravitational force acting on an object and varies with changes in gravity. Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object and can change with changes in gravity. Density is the mass of a substance per unit volume and can also change with changes in gravity if the volume changes. Therefore, the correct answer is mass as it remains the same regardless of the gravitational force acting on the object, making it an intrinsic property of the substance.

3. Which type of orbital can hold a maximum of 10 electrons?

• A. s orbital
• B. p orbital
• C. d orbital
• D. f orbital

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the f orbital. Each f orbital can hold up to 2 electrons. Since there are 5 f orbitals, the total maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in f orbitals is 10 (2 electrons per orbital x 5 orbitals = 10 electrons). Therefore, the f orbital can hold a maximum of 10 electrons. Choice A, s orbital, is incorrect because it can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. Choice B, p orbital, is incorrect because it can hold a maximum of 6 electrons (3 orbitals x 2 electrons per orbital = 6 electrons). Choice C, d orbital, is incorrect as it can hold a maximum of 10 electrons (5 orbitals x 2 electrons per orbital = 10 electrons), but the question asks for the type of orbital that can hold a maximum of 10 electrons, not the total number of electrons in d orbitals.

4. Which element shares the same group (family) on the periodic table with helium (He)?

• A. Neon (Ne)
• B. Boron (B)
• C. Carbon (C)
• D. Oxygen (O)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Elements within the same group share similar electron configurations in their outermost shells, resulting in comparable chemical properties. Helium and Neon both belong to Group 18 (Noble Gases), explaining their similarities. Boron, Carbon, and Oxygen are not in the same group as Helium on the periodic table. Boron is in Group 13, Carbon is in Group 14, and Oxygen is in Group 16, which are different from Helium's Group 18.

5. What is the name for the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells?

• A. Meiosis
• B. Mitosis
• C. Fission
• D. Binary fission

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Mitosis is the correct process by which a cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division resulting in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Fission refers to the division of a single-celled organism into two separate organisms, while binary fission specifically describes the division of prokaryotic cells. Therefore, the correct answer is Mitosis as it accurately represents the process of a cell dividing into two daughter cells.

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