Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of an aromatic compound?

• A. Ethanol
• B. Toluene
• C. Acetone
• D. Butanal

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Toluene is an aromatic compound due to its benzene ring structure, which satisfies the criteria of aromaticity. Aromatic compounds contain conjugated pi electrons in a ring structure, providing extra stability. Ethanol, acetone, and butanal are not aromatic compounds as they do not possess a benzene ring or meet the aromaticity criteria. Ethanol is an alcohol, acetone is a ketone, and butanal is an aldehyde, none of which have the characteristic benzene ring structure of aromatic compounds.

2. What is the term for a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a specific temperature and pressure?

• A. Saturated solution
• B. Unsaturated solution
• C. Dilute solution
• D. Concentrated solution

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A saturated solution is defined as a solution that has dissolved the maximum amount of solute possible at a specific temperature and pressure. In a saturated solution, any additional solute added will not dissolve, resulting in a visible precipitate. Choice B, unsaturated solution, refers to a solution where more solute can still be dissolved. Choices C and D, dilute solution and concentrated solution, do not specifically refer to the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature and pressure, making them incorrect in this context.

3. What happens to the momentum of an object when there is no external force acting upon it?

• A. Momentum increases
• B. Momentum decreases
• C. Momentum remains constant
• D. Momentum becomes zero

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When there is no external force acting upon an object, the law of conservation of momentum dictates that the momentum of the object remains constant. This means that the momentum does not increase or decrease; it stays the same. Choice A is incorrect because momentum does not increase. Choice B is incorrect because momentum does not decrease. Choice D is incorrect as momentum does not become zero; it remains constant as per the conservation law. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as the object's momentum is unchanged in the absence of external forces.

4. Which vitamin is crucial for calcium absorption and synthesized in the skin upon sun exposure?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption as it helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, UVB rays convert a compound in the skin to vitamin D. This vitamin is vital for maintaining bone health and ensuring the overall calcium balance in the body. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function, Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and immune function, and Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage by free radicals. However, none of these vitamins are primarily responsible for calcium absorption and synthesized in the skin upon sun exposure.

5. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes a population that is:

• A. Undergoing rapid evolution due to strong directional selection.
• B. Not evolving and at genetic equilibrium with stable allele frequencies.
• C. Experiencing a founder effect leading to a reduction in genetic diversity.
• D. Dominated by a single homozygous genotype that eliminates all variation.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes a theoretical population in which allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation, indicating that the population is not evolving. This equilibrium occurs under specific conditions: no mutation, no gene flow, random mating, a large population size, and no natural selection. In this scenario, all genotypes are in proportion to the allele frequencies, and genetic diversity is maintained. Options A, C, and D do not accurately describe a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Option A suggests rapid evolution due to strong directional selection, which would disrupt the equilibrium. Option C mentions a founder effect, which can reduce genetic diversity but is not a characteristic of a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Option D describes a population dominated by a single homozygous genotype, which also does not align with the genetic diversity seen in a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

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