Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a secondary alcohol?

• A. Methanol
• B. Ethanol
• C. Isopropanol
• D. Butanol

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Isopropanol is indeed an example of a secondary alcohol because the carbon atom bearing the hydroxyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms. In isopropanol, the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to two other carbon atoms. Methanol (Choice A) is a primary alcohol with the hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to one other carbon atom. Ethanol (Choice B) is also a primary alcohol with the hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to one other carbon atom. Butanol (Choice D) is a primary alcohol with the hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to three other carbon atoms, making it a primary alcohol.

2. DNA has both a 'sense' and 'antisense' strand. What is true about the antisense strand?

• A. It runs 5' to 3'.
• B. It runs 3' to 5'.
• C. It is used in replication.
• D. It is the direction DNA is stored.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'It runs 3' to 5'. The antisense strand runs in the 3' to 5' direction, complementing the sense strand. Choice A is incorrect as the antisense strand runs in the opposite direction, which is 3' to 5'. Choice C is incorrect because the antisense strand is not directly involved in replication. Choice D is incorrect as the direction DNA is stored is not determined by the antisense strand.

3. What does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) help the kidneys regulate?

• A. Acid-base balance
• B. Blood pressure
• C. Urine output by controlling water reabsorption
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps the kidneys regulate urine output by controlling water reabsorption. ADH acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of water, leading to a decrease in urine output. This helps the body conserve water and maintain proper fluid balance. ADH primarily affects urine output by controlling water reabsorption and does not directly regulate acid-base balance or blood pressure. Therefore, choices A and B are incorrect because ADH does not directly influence acid-base balance or blood pressure.

4. Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration, producing ATP for energy?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Golgi apparatus
• D. Vacuole

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for cellular respiration, a process that produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for energy. The other organelles listed, such as the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and vacuole, have distinct functions within the cell and are not directly involved in cellular respiration. The nucleus contains genetic material, the Golgi apparatus is involved in protein processing and packaging, and the vacuole is responsible for storage and maintaining cell turgor pressure.

5. What is the scientific term for the study of genes and their role in disease?

• A. Molecular biology
• B. Biochemistry
• C. Evolutionary biology
• D. Genomic medicine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Genomic medicine is the scientific discipline that specifically focuses on the study of genes and their involvement in disease processes. It seeks to understand how variations in an individual's genes can influence their predisposition to certain diseases or affect their response to treatment. This field plays a crucial role in personalized medicine by utilizing genetic information to tailor healthcare decisions and interventions to individual patients. Molecular biology, biochemistry, and evolutionary biology, while related to genetics in various ways, do not have the primary focus on the role of genes in disease as genomic medicine does.

Similar Questions