what is the term for the inflammation of the airways in the lungs often causing wheezing and difficulty breathing

ATI TEAS 7

TEAS 7 practice test free science

1. What is the term for the inflammation of the airways in the lungs, often causing wheezing and difficulty breathing?

A. Pneumonia
B. Emphysema
C. Asthma
D. Pleurisy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation of the airways in the lungs, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. Pneumonia is an infection in the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, leading to symptoms like fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by damage to the air sacs in the lungs, resulting in shortness of breath and a chronic cough. Pleurisy, on the other hand, is inflammation of the lining around the lungs, causing chest pain that worsens with breathing or coughing. Therefore, the correct term for the inflammation of the airways in the lungs with symptoms of wheezing and difficulty breathing is Asthma.

2. What is the difference between isometric and isotonic muscle contractions?

A. Isometric involves movement, while isotonic does not.
B. Isotonic involves shortening of muscle, while isometric maintains length.
C. Isometric uses more energy, while isotonic uses less.
D. Isotonic involves smooth muscle, while isometric involves skeletal muscle.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Isometric contractions occur when the muscle generates tension without changing its length, while isotonic contractions involve the muscle changing length to move a load. In isotonic contractions, the muscle shortens to move a load, whereas in isometric contractions, the muscle contracts to hold a position without movement. Choice A is incorrect because isometric contractions do not involve movement, while choice C is incorrect as isotonic contractions typically require more energy due to movement. Choice D is incorrect because the type of muscle involved (smooth or skeletal) is not the defining factor between isometric and isotonic contractions.

3. Where is the scapula in relation to the olecranon?

A. Distal
B. Lateral
C. Ventral
D. Superior

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Superior.' The scapula is located superior to the olecranon. In anatomical terms, 'superior' refers to a position above or higher than a reference point. 'Distal' is a term used to describe a position farther away from the point of attachment or origin. 'Lateral' refers to a position further away from the midline of the body. 'Ventral' refers to the front or anterior side of the body. In this case, the scapula being superior to the olecranon means it is positioned above the olecranon bone.

4. A researcher wants to investigate the relationship between family income and quality of medical care. Which statement provides the best reason to conduct this investigation?

A. The researcher can identify affordable medical care to recommend to low-income families.
B. The investigation can help identify individuals who are healthy so they can maintain their health.
C. Results of this investigation may identify a group of people who do not receive quality medical care and could benefit from improved medical treatments.
D. There is a valid reason to conduct this investigation.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because identifying a group of individuals who do not receive quality medical care can lead to targeted interventions to improve their access to better medical treatments. This investigation can help address disparities in healthcare and improve outcomes for those in need. Choice A is incorrect because the focus is on identifying those who lack quality medical care, not just affordable care. Choice B is incorrect as it misinterprets the purpose of the investigation, which is to improve medical care for those not receiving quality care, rather than maintaining the health of those already healthy. Choice D is too vague and does not provide a specific reason for conducting the investigation, unlike choice C which highlights the potential benefits of identifying individuals in need of improved medical treatments.

5. What is the purpose of a catalyst?

A. To increase a reaction rate by increasing the activation energy
B. To increase a reaction rate by increasing the temperature
C. To increase a reaction rate by decreasing the activation energy
D. To increase a reaction rate by decreasing the temperature

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The purpose of a catalyst is to increase a reaction's rate by decreasing the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. This allows the reaction to proceed more quickly without being consumed in the process. The catalyst provides an alternate mechanism with a lower activation energy, making it easier for the reactants to convert into products. Choice A is incorrect because a catalyst lowers, not increases, the activation energy. Choice B is incorrect because a catalyst does not affect the temperature directly but provides an alternative pathway for the reaction to occur more easily. Choice D is incorrect because a catalyst does not lower the temperature but facilitates the reaction by lowering the activation energy barrier. Therefore, the correct answer is C, 'To increase a reaction rate by decreasing the activation energy.'