Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a flat bone?

• A. Femur
• B. Scapula
• C. Humerus
• D. Tibia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Scapula. Flat bones, such as the scapula, are thin, flattened bones that provide protection to internal organs and serve as attachment points for muscles. The other choices, femur, humerus, and tibia, are examples of long bones, which are characterized by their elongated structure and are primarily involved in supporting weight and facilitating movement.

2. Which type of blood cell is responsible for carrying oxygen?

• A. White blood cell
• B. Red blood cell
• C. Platelet
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Red blood cell. Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues. They contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen and transports it throughout the body. White blood cells (Choice A) are part of the immune system and help fight infections, not involved in carrying oxygen. Platelets (Choice C) are responsible for blood clotting, not oxygen transport. Plasma (Choice D) is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances like nutrients and waste products, but it does not directly carry oxygen.

3. Which of the following correctly orders the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to deepest?

• A. S. spinosum, S. basale, S. corneum, S. granulosum, S. lucidum
• B. S. corneum, S. lucidum, S. granulosum, S. spinosum, S. basale
• C. S. corneum, S. spinosum, S. basale, S. granulosum, S. lucidum
• D. S. basale, S. spinosum, S. granulosum, S. lucidum, S. corneum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct order of the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to deepest is: Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum basale. Choice B, 'S. corneum, S. lucidum, S. granulosum, S. spinosum, S. basale,' provides the accurate layering from the outermost to the innermost layer of the epidermis. Choice A is incorrect as it starts with Stratum spinosum, which is not the most superficial layer. Choice C is incorrect as it places Stratum spinosum before Stratum basale. Choice D is incorrect as it starts with Stratum basale, which is the deepest layer of the epidermis.

4. In the process of osmosis, the solvent moves from an area of...

• A. Low solute concentration to high solute concentration
• B. Hotter solution to colder solution
• C. Colder solution to hotter solution
• D. High solute concentration to low solute concentration

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In the process of osmosis, solvent molecules move from an area of high solute concentration to low solute concentration. This movement occurs to equalize the solute concentrations on both sides of the semi-permeable membrane. As water tends to move towards higher solute concentrations, the solvent moves in this direction to balance the concentrations and establish equilibrium. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because osmosis involves the movement of solvent, not solute, and it moves towards the area of higher solute concentration, not lower. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

5. What is the scientific name for the common housefly?

• A. Musca domestica
• B. Drosophila melanogaster
• C. Apis mellifera
• D. Anopheles gambiae

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Musca domestica is the scientific name for the common housefly. This species is known for being a common pest found in and around human habitations. Drosophila melanogaster (option B) is a species of fruit fly commonly used in genetic research. Apis mellifera (option C) is the scientific name for the western honeybee. Anopheles gambiae (option D) is a species of mosquito known for being a vector of malaria.

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