Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism?

• A. Insulin
• B. Testosterone
• C. Adrenaline
• D. Thyroid hormone

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Thyroid hormone is the correct answer as it is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism. It plays a crucial role in controlling the body's metabolic rate, affecting how the body uses energy from food. Thyroid hormone levels can influence metabolism, energy production, and body weight regulation. Insulin, choice A, is involved in regulating blood sugar levels, not directly metabolism. Testosterone, choice B, is a sex hormone that primarily affects the development of male reproductive tissues. Adrenaline, choice C, is involved in the fight-or-flight response and not primarily responsible for regulating metabolism.

2. In the body, muscle tissue is involved in which of the following functions?

• A. Generation of body heat
• B. Joint stabilization
• C. Maintenance of posture
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Muscle tissue serves multiple functions in the body, including the generation of body heat, joint stabilization, and maintenance of posture. These functions are essential for movement, stability, and overall bodily functions. The correct answer is 'All of the above' because muscle tissue plays a key role in each of these vital functions. The generation of body heat occurs through muscle activity, joint stabilization is achieved by muscles surrounding joints, and maintaining posture involves muscle contraction to support the body's position. Therefore, all the listed functions are interconnected and rely on the proper functioning of muscle tissue.

3. Bile, a digestive juice, is produced by which organ?

• A. Stomach
• B. Liver
• C. Pancreas
• D. Small intestine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Bile is a digestive juice produced by the liver. It is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. The stomach (Choice A) produces gastric juices, not bile. The pancreas (Choice C) produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate but not bile. The small intestine (Choice D) is where bile is released to aid in digestion but is not the organ that produces bile.

4. How many amino acids can make up a protein?

• A. 10-20
• B. 50-100
• C. 100-500
• D. 1000+

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids, and there are 20 standard amino acids commonly found in proteins. The sequence and arrangement of these amino acids determine the structure and function of a protein. While proteins can vary in size and complexity, the number of amino acids typically ranges from around 10 to 20 in smaller proteins to hundreds or even thousands in larger proteins. Therefore, the range of 10-20 amino acids is the most accurate representation of the number of amino acids that can make up a protein. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they provide ranges that are beyond the typical number of amino acids found in proteins and may lead to confusion. The correct answer is A (10-20).

5. Which of the following molecules is a monosaccharide?

• A. Starch
• B. Glucose
• C. Cellulose
• D. Sucrose

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Starch is a polysaccharide, not a monosaccharide, making choice A incorrect. Glucose, choice B, is the correct answer as it is a monosaccharide, the simplest form of sugar. Cellulose, choice C, is a polysaccharide like starch, not a monosaccharide. Sucrose, choice D, is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, not a monosaccharide. Glucose, being a monosaccharide, is a single sugar unit that serves as a primary energy source for living organisms.

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