Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

• A. to create sound and speech
• B. to take oxygen into the body while removing carbon dioxide
• C. to transport nutrients to the cells and tissue of the body
• D. to act as a barrier between the body’s organs and outside influences

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to take oxygen into the body through inhalation and remove carbon dioxide through exhalation. Oxygen is essential for cellular respiration and energy production, while carbon dioxide is a waste product that needs to be expelled from the body. This process is vital for the functioning of the body's cells and tissues. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because sound and speech production, nutrient transport, and acting as a barrier against outside influences are not the primary functions of the respiratory system. While the respiratory system is involved in speech production to some extent, its primary role is in gas exchange for respiration.

2. What factors can contribute to edema, a condition characterized by swelling due to a buildup of lymph fluid?

• A. Regular exercise
• B. Maintaining a healthy weight
• C. Poor circulation or blockage in the lymphatic system
• D. Proper hydration

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Edema is caused by the accumulation of excess fluid in the body's tissues, leading to swelling. Poor circulation or blockage in the lymphatic system can contribute to the development of edema by impairing the body's ability to properly drain fluid. While regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and proper hydration are crucial for overall health, they are not direct causes of edema. Poor circulation or blockage in the lymphatic system disrupts the normal balance of fluid in the body, resulting in edema. Therefore, the correct factor that can contribute to edema is poor circulation or blockage in the lymphatic system.

3. If every child in a certain family suffers from autism, what possible conclusion can be drawn about autism?

• A. Autism may be lethal.
• B. Autism may be genetic.
• C. Autism is related to traditional nuclear family structures.
• D. No conclusion can be drawn based on this evidence.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The possible conclusion that can be drawn from every child in a certain family suffering from autism is that autism may be genetic. The fact that every child in the family has autism suggests a strong genetic influence on the condition within this particular family. This does not necessarily mean that autism is solely genetic in all cases, but in this specific family, the pattern of all children being affected points towards a genetic connection. Choice A is incorrect as the information provided does not suggest that autism is lethal. Choice C is incorrect as there is no evidence to support a relationship between autism and traditional nuclear family structures. Choice D is incorrect because a conclusion can be drawn from the given evidence, indicating a potential genetic link within this specific family.

4. Which term refers to a position toward the head? Example: The hand is part of the superior extremity.

• A. Superior
• B. Inferior
• C. Medial
• D. Lateral

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Superior.' 'Superior' refers to a position toward the head, while 'inferior' is the term for a position toward the feet. In the given example, the hand belongs to the superior extremity, which includes structures closer to the head. 'Inferior' is incorrect as it refers to a position away from the head or toward the feet. 'Medial' describes a position closer to the midline of the body, while 'lateral' refers to a position farther away from the midline.

5. What is the unit of measurement for force in the International System of Units (SI)?

• A. Newton (N)
• B. Kilogram (kg)
• C. Joule (J)
• D. Meter per second squared (m/s²)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The unit of measurement for force in the International System of Units (SI) is the Newton (N). One Newton is defined as the force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one meter per second squared. Therefore, the correct answer is Newton (N). The other choices are incorrect because: B) Kilogram (kg) is a unit of mass, not force; C) Joule (J) is a unit of energy; D) Meter per second squared (m/s²) is a unit of acceleration, not force.

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