which of the following best describes the process of osmosis

ATI TEAS 7

TEAS Practice Test Science

1. Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

A. Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient
B. Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
C. Movement of water and solutes together
D. Movement of large molecules through a membrane

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Osmosis is the process where water moves across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. Choice A is incorrect because osmosis does not involve movement against the concentration gradient. Choice C is incorrect because osmosis primarily involves the movement of water, not water and solutes together. Choice D is incorrect as osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water molecules, not large molecules, through a membrane.

2. Four different groups of the same species of peas are grown and exposed to differing levels of sunlight, water, and fertilizer as documented in the table below. The data in the water and fertilizer columns indicate how many times the peas are watered or fertilized per week, respectively. Group 2 is the only group that withered. What is a reasonable explanation for this occurrence? Group Sunlight Water Fertilizer 1 partial sun 4 mL/hr 1 2 full sun 7 mL/hr 1 3 no sun 14 mL/hr 2 4 partial sun 3 mL/hr 2

A. Insects gnawed away at the stem of the plant.
B. The roots rotted due to poor drainage.
C. The soil type had nutritional deficiencies.
D. This species of peas does not thrive in full sunlight.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Group 2, the only group that withered, was exposed to full sun. This suggests that the species of peas being studied does not thrive in full sunlight, leading to its deterioration compared to the other groups with different light exposures. Choices A, B, and C are not the correct explanations for the withering of Group 2. There is no mention of insects in the stem, poor drainage, or soil nutritional deficiencies in the scenario provided. The key factor that sets Group 2 apart from the others is the full sunlight exposure, indicating that the species of peas is not suited for such conditions.

3. The body's first line of defense against pathogens is the innate immune system. Which of the following is NOT a component of the innate immune system?

A. Physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes
B. Phagocytes that engulf and destroy pathogens
C. Inflammatory response to isolate and contain infection
D. Production of antibodies specific to a particular pathogen

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The production of antibodies specific to a particular pathogen is a function of the adaptive immune system, not the innate immune system. The innate immune system provides immediate, non-specific defense mechanisms against pathogens, including physical barriers, phagocytes, and inflammatory responses. Choices A, B, and C are all correct components of the innate immune system. Physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes act as the first line of defense, preventing pathogens from entering the body. Phagocytes are specialized cells that engulf and destroy pathogens, while the inflammatory response helps isolate and contain infections to prevent their spread.

4. How is power defined in terms of physics?

A. The rate at which work is done
B. The amount of force applied
C. The distance an object travels
D. The potential energy of an object

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In physics, power is defined as the rate at which work is done, which refers to the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. Choice B, 'The amount of force applied,' is incorrect as power is related to work done, not just force. Choice C, 'The distance an object travels,' is not the definition of power but rather relates to displacement or distance. Choice D, 'The potential energy of an object,' is not the correct definition of power; potential energy is different from power. Therefore, the correct definition of power in physics is the rate at which work is done.

5. What is the valve that prevents blood from flowing back from the left ventricle into the left atrium?

A. Tricuspid valve
B. Mitral valve
C. Aortic valve
D. Pulmonic valve

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Mitral valve. The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart. Its function is to prevent the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular contraction. Choice A, the Tricuspid valve, is incorrect as it is located between the right atrium and right ventricle. Choice C, the Aortic valve, and Choice D, the Pulmonic valve, are also incorrect as they are involved in the circulation of blood leaving the heart rather than preventing backflow within the atria and ventricles.