Nursing Elites

1. Which locations in the digestive system are sites of chemical digestion? I. Mouth II. Stomach III. Small Intestine

• A. II only
• B. III only
• C. II and III only
• D. I, II, and III

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Chemical digestion occurs in all three locations in the digestive system - the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. Enzymes in the saliva break down carbohydrates in the mouth, gastric juices in the stomach help break down proteins, and enzymes in the small intestine further break down macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The mouth initiates the digestion of carbohydrates, the stomach digests proteins, and the small intestine continues the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Choice A is incorrect because chemical digestion does occur in the mouth. Choice B is incorrect as both the stomach and small intestine are sites of chemical digestion. Choice C is incorrect as the mouth is also a location of chemical digestion, not just the stomach and small intestine.

2. What is the main function of the large intestine?

• A. To absorb proteins
• B. To absorb water and form feces
• C. To produce enzymes for digestion
• D. To store fat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water and form feces from waste material. Choice A is incorrect because the absorption of proteins primarily occurs in the small intestine. Choice C is incorrect as the production of enzymes for digestion mainly takes place in the pancreas and small intestine. Choice D is incorrect as the storage of fat is not a primary function of the large intestine.

3. Which muscle is voluntary, striated, and found attached to bones?

• A. Smooth muscle
• B. Skeletal muscle
• C. Cardiac muscle
• D. Epithelial muscle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is both voluntary and striated, as well as attached to bones, allowing for movement. Smooth muscle, on the other hand, is involuntary and typically found in the walls of internal organs, controlling functions like digestion. Cardiac muscle is also striated, but it is involuntary and specifically found in the heart, responsible for cardiac contractions to pump blood. 'Epithelial muscle' is an incorrect term; epithelial tissue is a type of tissue that forms the linings of various body surfaces and structures, not a muscle type.

4. What is the name of the cartilage flap that covers the trachea during swallowing, preventing food from entering the airway?

• A. Epiglottis
• B. Glottis
• C. Larynx
• D. Pharynx

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epiglottis. The epiglottis is a cartilage flap located at the base of the tongue that covers the trachea during swallowing. Its primary function is to prevent food and liquids from entering the airway and instead directs them towards the esophagus. The glottis (choice B) refers to the space between the vocal cords in the larynx. The larynx (choice C) is the voice box containing the vocal cords responsible for phonation. The pharynx (choice D) is the throat region connecting the mouth and the esophagus, playing a role in both digestion and respiration.

5. What is the anatomical term for the back of the body? Example: Shoulder blade.

• A. Anterior
• B. Superior
• C. Posterior
• D. Inferior

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Posterior. 'Posterior' is the anatomical term that refers to the back of the body. It is the opposite of 'anterior,' which refers to the front of the body. 'Superior' typically describes a structure that is positioned above another structure, while 'inferior' refers to a structure that is below another. In this case, the term 'posterior' specifically indicates the back of the body, making it the most appropriate choice among the options provided.

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