Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, is released in response to low blood sugar levels and stimulates the release of glucose into the bloodstream?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Cortisol
• D. Thyroxine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Glucagon is the hormone produced by the pancreas that is released in response to low blood sugar levels. It acts to stimulate the release of glucose into the bloodstream by promoting the breakdown of glycogen in the liver. Insulin, conversely, is released in response to high blood sugar levels and promotes the uptake of glucose by cells. Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates metabolism and the immune response. Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism but is not involved in responding to low blood sugar levels.

2. Which term refers to the resistance of a liquid to flow?

• A. Density
• B. Viscosity
• C. Surface tension
• D. Boiling point

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Viscosity is the term that refers to the resistance of a liquid to flow. It is a measure of how thick or sticky a fluid is and determines how easily a liquid can flow. Density (A) is a measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume and is not related to the resistance of a liquid to flow. Surface tension (C) is the property of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force due to the cohesive nature of its molecules, but it is not directly related to the resistance of a liquid to flow. Boiling point (D) is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a vapor and is not a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow.

3. Which structure in the body is responsible for producing testosterone?

• A. Adrenal glands
• B. Pituitary gland
• C. Testes
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Testes. The testes are responsible for producing testosterone, the hormone that plays a crucial role in male secondary sexual characteristics such as facial hair, deepening of the voice, and muscle development. The adrenal glands primarily produce cortisol and aldosterone, not testosterone. The pituitary gland regulates hormone production in various glands, including the testes, but it does not directly produce testosterone. The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels, not testosterone.

4. As a water wave approaches a shallow beach, what happens to its speed, wavelength, and frequency?

• A. Speed increases, wavelength decreases, frequency increases.
• B. Speed decreases, wavelength decreases, frequency remains the same.
• C. Speed increases, wavelength increases, frequency decreases.
• D. Speed, wavelength, and frequency remain the same.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: As a water wave approaches a shallow beach, the speed of the wave decreases due to the change in medium from deep to shallow water. According to the wave equation (speed = frequency x wavelength), if the speed decreases and the frequency remains the same, the wavelength must also decrease to maintain the equation balanced. This phenomenon occurs due to the wavefronts being slowed down by the shallower water, causing the wavelength to decrease while the frequency remains constant. Choice A is incorrect as the speed of the wave decreases in shallow water. Choice C is incorrect because the speed increases in deep water, not in shallow water. Choice D is incorrect as all the wave characteristics change when moving from deep to shallow water.

5. Which type of waves travel by causing particles in the medium to vibrate parallel to the direction of wave travel?

• A. Transverse waves
• B. Longitudinal waves
• C. Surface waves
• D. Electromagnetic waves

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Longitudinal waves are waves in which particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave travel. These waves are characterized by compressions and rarefactions in the medium, where particles move back and forth in the same direction as the wave. Transverse waves, on the other hand, cause particles to vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave travel. Surface waves combine both longitudinal and transverse motion, making them different from pure longitudinal waves. Electromagnetic waves, unlike longitudinal and transverse waves, do not require a medium and can travel through a vacuum.

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