Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, helps regulate the body's response to stress, including increasing blood pressure and suppressing the immune system?

• A. Aldosterone
• B. Epinephrine
• C. Cortisol
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cortisol is the correct answer. It is the hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate the body's response to stress. Cortisol plays a crucial role in increasing blood pressure and suppressing the immune system during stressful situations. Aldosterone, another hormone from the adrenal glands, primarily regulates salt and water balance in the body, not the stress response. Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress, but its effects are more immediate and short-lived compared to cortisol. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, regulates blood sugar levels and is not directly involved in the body's response to stress.

2. What is an electrically charged atom called?

• A. Ion
• B. Isotope
• C. Molecule
• D. Compound

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge, making it electrically charged. This term specifically refers to atoms with a net electrical charge. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, not electrically charged. Molecules are formed when atoms bond together, but they are not necessarily charged. Compounds are substances composed of different elements bonded together, but they may not be electrically charged.

3. What is the process by which RNA molecules are modified after transcription but before translation?

• A. Replication
• B. Splicing
• C. Editing
• D. Packaging

Correct answer: B

Rationale: B) Splicing is the correct answer. Splicing is the process by which non-coding regions (introns) are removed from pre-mRNA, and the remaining coding regions (exons) are joined together to form mature mRNA. This modification occurs after transcription but before translation. A) Replication is incorrect as replication is the process by which DNA is copied to produce a new DNA molecule, not RNA modifications. C) Editing may involve RNA editing, but it is not commonly used to describe the modification of RNA molecules after transcription. D) Packaging is not the correct term as it refers to the condensation and organization of DNA into chromatin in eukaryotic cells, not the modification of RNA molecules.

4. Which organ produces bile to aid in digestion?

• A. Pancreas
• B. Liver
• C. Gallbladder
• D. Stomach

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver. The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes, not bile. The gallbladder stores bile but does not produce it. The stomach produces gastric juices, not bile, to aid in digestion.

5. Which of the following is the main organ responsible for regulating blood pressure?

• A. Heart
• B. Kidneys
• C. Adrenal glands
• D. Pituitary gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure through various mechanisms. One of the key ways the kidneys regulate blood pressure is by controlling the volume of blood in the body. They do this by adjusting the amount of water and sodium excreted in the urine. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, primarily controlled by the kidneys, also plays a significant role in blood pressure regulation. This system helps to maintain blood pressure by regulating blood volume and systemic vascular resistance. While the heart, adrenal glands, and pituitary gland are involved in various aspects of the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, the kidneys are the main organ responsible for regulating blood pressure.

Similar Questions