Nursing Elites

1. Which gland is responsible for regulating metabolism?

• A. Pituitary gland
• B. Adrenal gland
• C. Thyroid gland
• D. Pineal gland

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating metabolism. It produces hormones such as thyroxine, which plays a key role in influencing the body's metabolic rate. The pituitary gland is known as the 'master gland' but is not directly responsible for regulating metabolism. The adrenal gland is involved in the stress response and producing hormones like cortisol, not primarily regulating metabolism. The pineal gland produces melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles, not metabolism. Therefore, the correct answer is the thyroid gland.

2. What is the primary function of the integumentary system?

• A. Protecting the body from external damage
• B. Regulating body temperature
• C. Producing vitamin D
• D. Producing red blood cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Protecting the body from external damage. The primary function of the integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, and nails, is to act as a physical barrier that protects the body from external damage such as pathogens, UV radiation, and mechanical injuries. While the integumentary system does play roles in regulating body temperature and producing vitamin D, its main and most crucial function is to provide a protective shield for the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because although the integumentary system contributes to regulating body temperature and producing vitamin D, as well as housing cells involved in the immune response, its primary role is protection.

3. Which of the following locations is not involved in the release of hormones during stress?

• A. Parathyroid gland
• B. Adrenal cortex
• C. Posterior pituitary
• D. Hypothalamus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The parathyroid gland is not involved in the release of hormones during stress. It is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood by secreting parathyroid hormone. During stress, the adrenal cortex, posterior pituitary, and hypothalamus play crucial roles in releasing stress hormones like cortisol, adrenaline, and oxytocin. Therefore, the correct answer is the parathyroid gland, as it is not directly associated with the release of stress-related hormones.

4. What is the function of the liver in digestion?

• A. To produce bile
• B. To store glucose
• C. To secrete digestive enzymes
• D. To detoxify harmful substances

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The liver's main role in digestion is to produce bile, a substance that aids in the breakdown and absorption of fats in the small intestine. Bile emulsifies fats, helping enzymes break them down into smaller molecules for easier absorption in the digestive tract. Therefore, the correct answer is A: 'To produce bile.' Storing glucose, secreting digestive enzymes, and detoxifying harmful substances are functions of the liver, but they are not primarily related to digestion.

5. Which vitamin is important for the absorption of iron?

• A. Vitamin C
• B. Vitamin D
• C. Vitamin K
• D. Vitamin B12

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin C. Vitamin C is essential for the absorption of iron, especially from plant-based sources. It aids in converting non-heme iron (found in plants) into a form that is easier for the body to absorb. This is crucial in preventing iron-deficiency anemia, making Vitamin C a key nutrient for overall health. Vitamin D (choice B) is important for calcium absorption and bone health, not iron absorption. Vitamin K (choice C) plays a role in blood clotting and bone metabolism, not iron absorption. Vitamin B12 (choice D) is important for red blood cell formation and neurological function but is not directly involved in iron absorption.

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