Nursing Elites

1. Which enzyme functions to break down lactose, a specific sugar found in milk and dairy products?

• A. Catalase
• B. Lipase
• C. Protease
• D. Lactase

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Lactase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose, a sugar present in milk and dairy products. When lactase breaks down lactose, it splits it into two simpler sugars, glucose, and galactose, which can then be absorbed and used by the body. Catalase is involved in breaking down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect for the specific breakdown of lactose.

2. Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland?

• A. Corticosteroid
• B. Oxytocin
• C. Prolactin
• D. Melatonin

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Melatonin is the hormone produced by the pineal gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and is instrumental in maintaining the body's circadian rhythm. Melatonin production is triggered by darkness and inhibited by light, aiding in signaling the body when it is time to sleep. Corticosteroid, oxytocin, and prolactin are hormones produced by other glands in the body and are not associated with the pineal gland. Therefore, they are incorrect choices for this question.

3. Which part of the brain is responsible for processing emotions?

• A. Frontal lobe
• B. Amygdala
• C. Parietal lobe
• D. Occipital lobe

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the amygdala. It is a small, almond-shaped structure located within the temporal lobe of the brain. The amygdala plays a crucial role in processing emotions such as fear, anger, pleasure, and other emotional responses. It is involved in the formation of emotional memories and helps regulate emotional responses to various stimuli. The frontal lobe is mainly responsible for higher cognitive functions such as decision-making and problem-solving, not processing emotions. The parietal lobe is involved in processing sensory information and spatial awareness, while the occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information.

4. What is the primary function of the liver?

• A. Detoxifying harmful substances
• B. Producing bile
• C. Producing insulin
• D. Storing glycogen

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the liver is to detoxify harmful substances in the blood. While the liver also produces bile, which aids in digestion, stores glycogen for energy storage, and participates in metabolism, its main and essential function is detoxification. Producing insulin is mainly attributed to the pancreas, not the liver.

5. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

• A. To remove carbon dioxide from the body
• B. To transport oxygen to the cells
• C. To deliver nutrients to cells
• D. To create sound and speech

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases. It transports oxygen from the air into the bloodstream, which is crucial for cellular respiration and providing energy to the cells. Additionally, it removes carbon dioxide, which is a waste product that needs to be eliminated. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while the respiratory system does remove carbon dioxide, its primary role is oxygen transport, not nutrient delivery, sound, or speech production.

Similar Questions