Nursing Elites

1. What part of the eye is responsible for focusing light on the retina?

• A. Cornea
• B. Lens
• C. Retina
• D. Pupil

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The lens of the eye is responsible for focusing light on the retina. When light enters the eye, it first passes through the cornea, which helps in bending the light, and then the lens further refracts and focuses the light onto the retina at the back of the eye. The retina contains photoreceptor cells that convert light into neural signals, which are then sent to the brain for visual processing. The cornea is the transparent outermost layer of the eye that helps in focusing light, but the main responsibility lies with the lens. The retina is the layer at the back of the eye that receives the focused light and initiates the process of vision. The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris that controls the amount of light entering the eye and is not directly involved in focusing light on the retina.

2. What is the function of the coronary artery?

• A. It carries oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
• B. It carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
• C. It distributes blood to the body.
• D. It supplies blood to the heart muscle.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'It supplies blood to the heart muscle.' The coronary artery's main function is to supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, ensuring that the heart receives the necessary nutrients and oxygen it needs to function properly. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the coronary artery specifically delivers oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, not deoxygenated blood to the lungs or blood to the rest of the body.

3. Which vitamin is important for vision?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin A. Vitamin A is crucial for maintaining healthy vision, particularly in low-light conditions. It plays a key role in the health of the retina and is necessary for the proper functioning of the eye. Deficiency in Vitamin A can lead to night blindness and other vision problems. Vitamin C is important for the immune system and skin health, not specifically for vision. Vitamin D is essential for bone health and overall well-being, but it is not directly related to vision. Vitamin K is important for blood clotting, but it is not specifically linked to vision.

4. Which type of tissue connects bones to other bones?

• A. Tendons
• B. Ligaments
• C. Cartilage
• D. Muscles

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ligaments. Ligaments are tough, flexible connective tissues that connect bones to other bones, providing stability and support to joints. Tendons (choice A) connect muscles to bones, enabling movement. Cartilage (choice C) is a firm, rubbery material that cushions bones at joints. Muscles (choice D) are contractile tissues responsible for movement. Therefore, when looking for the tissue that connects bones to other bones, ligaments are the most appropriate choice.

5. What is the function of the gallbladder?

• A. To produce bile
• B. To store and concentrate bile
• C. To detoxify harmful substances
• D. To break down fats

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To store and concentrate bile. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, which is produced by the liver. Bile is released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. It helps in emulsifying fats and facilitating their breakdown by enzymes for better absorption. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the gallbladder does not produce bile (it is produced by the liver), detoxify harmful substances, or directly break down fats. Its main role is to store and concentrate bile before releasing it into the small intestine.

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