HESI A2
HESI A2 Biology 2024
1. Which bacteria are spherical in shape?
- A. Clostridia
- B. Bacilli
- C. Spirilla
- D. Cocci
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cocci. Bacteria that are spherical in shape are known as cocci. They can be found in various arrangements such as clusters, chains, or pairs. Examples of cocci bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Choice A, Clostridia, consists of rod-shaped bacteria. Choice B, Bacilli, refers to rod-shaped bacteria as well. Choice C, Spirilla, are spiral-shaped bacteria, not spherical.
2. Why do gardeners sometimes use salt to get rid of slugs?
- A. The salt moves from the exterior into the slug’s body.
- B. The salt causes water in the slug to move outward.
- C. The salt and slug slime merge to form a new compound.
- D. The salt’s corrosiveness breaks down the slug’s cell walls.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Gardeners use salt to get rid of slugs because salt is corrosive and breaks down the slug's cell walls. When the slug comes into contact with salt, the salt draws moisture out of the slug's body, causing dehydration and ultimately leading to the slug's death. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the primary mechanism of salt in eliminating slugs is its corrosive action on the slug's body, not the movement of salt into the slug's body, outward movement of water in the slug, or merging with slug slime to form a new compound.
3. Which system maintains the body's balance through the release of hormones directly into the bloodstream?
- A. The gastrointestinal system
- B. The endocrine system
- C. The digestive system
- D. The endocrine system
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: The endocrine system. The endocrine system maintains the body's balance through the release of hormones directly into the bloodstream. Hormones produced by glands in the endocrine system regulate various bodily functions such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. This system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by releasing hormones that help control and coordinate different processes in the body. Choices A, C, and B are incorrect. The gastrointestinal system is responsible for digestion, absorption of nutrients, and excretion of waste; the digestive system includes the gastrointestinal system and other accessory organs; and choice B is a duplicate of the correct answer.
4. How does water affect the temperature of a living thing?
- A. Water increases temperature.
- B. Water keeps temperature stable.
- C. Water decreases temperature.
- D. Water does not affect temperature.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Water has a high specific heat capacity, which means it can absorb and release large amounts of heat with minimal temperature change. This property helps water regulate the temperature of living things by maintaining a stable environment. Choice A is incorrect because water does not consistently increase temperature, but rather helps in temperature regulation. Choice C is incorrect as water doesn't typically decrease temperature in living organisms. Choice D is incorrect since water does play a crucial role in regulating temperature.
5. The force per unit area exerted against a surface by the weight of air above that surface in the Earth's atmosphere is the ______.
- A. Atmospheric pressure
- B. Barometric density
- C. Aneroid pressure
- D. Barometric pressure
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Atmospheric pressure is the correct term for the force per unit area exerted against a surface by the weight of air above that surface in the Earth's atmosphere. It is commonly measured in units such as pascals, millibars, or inches of mercury. Barometric density and aneroid pressure are not accurate descriptions for this phenomenon. Barometric density refers to the density of the atmosphere at a particular location, while aneroid pressure is linked to a type of barometer but not a comprehensive term for the force exerted by the weight of air.
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