Nursing Elites

1. What is the term used when an atom gains one or more electrons?

• A. Cation
• B. Anion
• C. Isotope
• D. Electron

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged and is called an anion. An anion is formed when an atom gains one or more electrons, leading to an excess of negative charge. Choice A, 'Cation,' is incorrect because a cation is formed when an atom loses electrons, resulting in a positively charged ion. Choice C, 'Isotope,' refers to atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and is not related to gaining electrons. Choice D, 'Electron,' is the particle that an atom gains to become an anion, not the term for the atom itself after gaining electrons.

2. Balance this equation: Zn + HCl → ZnCl + H2.

• A. Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl + H2
• B. Zn + HCl → 2ZnCl + H2
• C. 2Zn + 2HCl → 2ZnCl + H2
• D. Zn + 4HCl → ZnCl + H2

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The given unbalanced equation is Zn + HCl → ZnCl + H2. To balance it, we need to have equal atoms on both sides of the equation. The balanced equation is 2Zn + 2HCl → 2ZnCl + H2. This balanced equation shows that two atoms of Zn combine with two molecules of HCl to form two molecules of ZnCl and one molecule of H2. Choice A is incorrect because it does not balance the equation. Choice B is incorrect as it does not have the same number of atoms on both sides. Choice D is incorrect because it does not balance the equation properly, resulting in an unequal number of atoms on both sides.

3. What can stop the penetration of gamma radiation?

• A. Aluminum foil
• B. Glass
• C. Several feet of concrete
• D. Piece of paper

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Gamma radiation is highly penetrative and requires dense materials to block it effectively. While aluminum foil and glass are not sufficient to stop gamma radiation, several feet of concrete is needed due to its high density and ability to absorb gamma radiation effectively. A piece of paper is too thin and lacks the density required to block gamma radiation, making it an ineffective shield.

4. On what concept is Kelvin based?

• A. Freezing point
• B. Absolute zero
• C. Boiling point
• D. Evaporation point

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absolute zero. Kelvin is based on the concept of absolute zero, which is the point where molecular movement ceases entirely. This temperature scale starts at absolute zero (0K), where theoretically no molecular movement occurs. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Kelvin is not based on the freezing point, boiling point, or evaporation point, but rather on the absolute absence of molecular motion.

5. What number represents the number of protons an element has?

• A. Atomic mass
• B. Mass number
• C. Atomic number
• D. Neutron number

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, atomic number. The atomic number corresponds to the number of protons in an element. This number is unique to each element and determines its placement on the periodic table. It is equal to the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom of that element. Choice A, atomic mass, represents the average mass of an element's isotopes. Choice B, mass number, is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom. Choice D, neutron number, specifically refers to the count of neutrons in an atom and not protons.

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