Nursing Elites

1. What is the term used when an atom gains one or more electrons?

• A. Cation
• B. Anion
• C. Isotope
• D. Electron

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged and is called an anion. An anion is formed when an atom gains one or more electrons, leading to an excess of negative charge. Choice A, 'Cation,' is incorrect because a cation is formed when an atom loses electrons, resulting in a positively charged ion. Choice C, 'Isotope,' refers to atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and is not related to gaining electrons. Choice D, 'Electron,' is the particle that an atom gains to become an anion, not the term for the atom itself after gaining electrons.

2. What is the simplest form of a substance that is represented by a letter or letters?

• A. Compound
• B. Mixture
• C. Element
• D. Molecule

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Element.' An element is the most basic form of a substance that cannot be broken down further by chemical reactions. Each element is represented by a unique symbol, typically consisting of one or two letters. Choice A, 'Compound,' is incorrect as compounds are formed by the combination of two or more elements. Choice B, 'Mixture,' is also incorrect as mixtures are composed of two or more substances physically combined. Choice D, 'Molecule,' refers to the smallest unit of a compound that retains the chemical properties of that compound, not the simplest form of a substance represented by a symbol.

3. Which compound contains a polar covalent bond?

• A. O
• B. F
• C. Br
• D. Hâ‚‚O

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The compound 'Hâ‚‚O' (water) contains a polar covalent bond. In a water molecule, the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms. As a result, the electrons in the O-H bonds are unevenly shared, leading to a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom and partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms. This unequal sharing of electrons creates a polar covalent bond in water. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they represent individual elements, not compounds, and do not involve the concept of polar covalent bonds.

4. What form of radiation is composed of electrons traveling at around 16,000 km/sec?

• A. Alpha radiation
• B. Beta radiation
• C. Gamma radiation
• D. Delta radiation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Beta radiation is composed of high-energy electrons (β- particles) or positrons (β+ particles) traveling at considerable speeds. In this case, the electrons traveling at around 16,000 km/sec align with the characteristics of beta radiation, making it the correct choice. Alpha radiation consists of helium nuclei, gamma radiation is electromagnetic radiation of high frequency, and delta radiation is not a recognized form of radiation, making them all incorrect choices.

5. What is the charge of a beta particle?

• A. -1
• B. +1
• C. +2
• D. No charge

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A beta particle has a charge of -1. Beta particles are high-energy, high-speed electrons emitted during radioactive decay processes. Since electrons carry a charge of -1, beta particles also carry a charge of -1. This negative charge indicates that beta particles are negatively charged. Option B is incorrect as it suggests a positive charge, which is not the case for beta particles. Option C is incorrect as it indicates a higher positive charge, which is not true for beta particles. Option D is incorrect as beta particles do have a charge, which is negative.

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