Nursing Elites

1. Which type of nutrients require minimal digestion before absorption?

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Proteins
• C. Fats
• D. Vitamins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A) Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates require digestion by enzymes in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine before they can be broken down into simple sugars for absorption. B) Proteins: Proteins need to be broken down into amino acids by stomach acid and digestive enzymes in the stomach and small intestine before they can be absorbed. C) Fats: Fats require bile from the gallbladder to emulsify them into smaller droplets for enzymes to break them down into fatty acids and glycerol for absorption. D) Vitamins: Vitamins are organic compounds that are already in a form that can be readily absorbed by the body without extensive digestion. They are absorbed directly into the bloodstream from the small intestine and do not require significant breakdown before absorption.

2. What is the main function of peroxisomes in the cell?

• A. To break down hydrogen peroxide
• B. To synthesize lipids and other cellular components
• C. To package and transport proteins
• D. To store genetic material

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells that contain enzymes involved in various metabolic processes. One of the main functions of peroxisomes is to break down hydrogen peroxide, a toxic byproduct of metabolism, into water and oxygen through the action of the enzyme catalase. This process helps protect the cell from oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide. While peroxisomes are involved in other metabolic functions such as lipid metabolism and the synthesis of bile acids, their primary role is the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because peroxisomes are not primarily responsible for synthesizing lipids, packaging and transporting proteins, or storing genetic material within the cell.

3. What is the significance of a healthy gut microbiome?

• A. Production of digestive enzymes
• B. Boosting the immune system and nutrient synthesis
• C. Breakdown of complex carbohydrates
• D. Regulation of appetite

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A healthy gut microbiome plays a crucial role in boosting the immune system by defending against harmful pathogens, synthesizing essential nutrients like vitamins, aiding in the digestion of certain foods, and maintaining overall gut health. While the gut microbiome does contribute to the breakdown of complex carbohydrates and regulation of appetite, its significance extends beyond these functions to include immune support and nutrient synthesis. Choice A, production of digestive enzymes, is not the primary significance of a healthy gut microbiome. Choice C is a function related to the gut microbiome but is not the sole significance. Choice D, regulation of appetite, is important but not as central as the immune system support and nutrient synthesis provided by a healthy gut microbiome.

4. Which factor affects the gravitational potential energy of an object the most?

• A. The mass of the object
• B. The distance from the ground
• C. The gravitational force
• D. The shape of the object

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Gravitational potential energy is directly proportional to the height or distance from the ground. As the object is raised higher, its gravitational potential energy increases. While the mass of the object influences gravitational potential energy, the distance from the ground has a more significant impact on it. The gravitational force does not directly affect the gravitational potential energy; it is the force that causes the potential energy to change with height. The shape of the object also does not determine gravitational potential energy, as it is primarily determined by the object's position in a gravitational field.

5. What unit is used for measuring luminous flux, which indicates the perceived brightness of a light source by the human eye?

• A. Candela
• B. Lumen
• C. Lux
• D. Hertz

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lumen is the correct unit for measuring luminous flux, which quantifies the total visible light emitted by a source per unit of time. Candela measures luminous intensity, lux measures illuminance, and Hertz measures frequency. Therefore, in the context of measuring the perceived brightness of a light source by the human eye, luminous flux is quantified in lumens.

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