Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following cations is found at the center of a heme?

• A. Cr (III)
• B. Cu (II)
• C. Iron (II)
• D. Iron (III)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Iron (II) (Fe2+), which is the cation found at the center of a heme group. Heme contains an iron (II) ion that is coordinated within the porphyrin ring structure. This iron ion is crucial for the function of heme in binding and transporting oxygen in hemoglobin and myoglobin. Choice A (Cr (III)) is incorrect as chromium is not typically found at the center of a heme group. Choice B (Cu (II)) is incorrect as copper is not the cation typically present in heme. Choice D (Iron (III)) is also incorrect as heme predominantly contains iron (II) at its center, not iron (III).

2. Which fibrous connective tissue connects a muscle to a bone, allowing movement at a joint?

• A. Tendon
• B. Ligament
• C. Cartilage
• D. Bursa

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Tendons, the correct answer, are fibrous connective tissues that connect muscles to bones, enabling movement at joints. They play a crucial role in transmitting the force generated by muscles to the bones, facilitating movement. Ligaments (option B) connect bone to bone, providing stability to joints. Cartilage (option C) is a flexible tissue that acts as a cushion, reducing friction between bones in joints. Bursae (option D) are fluid-filled sacs located near joints that help reduce friction between tissues such as tendons and bones.

3. Which of the following is NOT an element of the respiratory system?

• A. Ribs
• B. Trachea
• C. Diaphragm
• D. Alveoli

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ribs. The ribs are part of the skeletal system, providing structure and protection to the thoracic cavity. The trachea, diaphragm, and alveoli are all essential components of the respiratory system. The trachea carries air to and from the lungs, the diaphragm aids in breathing by contracting and relaxing to change the volume of the thoracic cavity, and the alveoli are tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs in the lungs. Therefore, ribs do not play a direct role in the respiratory process and are not considered a part of the respiratory system.

4. What is the scientific name for the tear gland?

• A. Lachrymal gland
• B. Lacrimal sac
• C. Lacrimal duct
• D. Lacrimal papilla

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lachrymal gland. The lachrymal gland, also known as the tear gland, is the almond-shaped gland located above each eye, responsible for producing tears. Tears are a complex mixture of water, electrolytes, proteins, and other substances that help lubricate and protect the eyes from dryness and irritation. Choice B, Lacrimal sac, is incorrect as it refers to a structure that collects tears from the eye. Choice C, Lacrimal duct, is incorrect as it is the tube that carries tears from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity. Choice D, Lacrimal papilla, is incorrect as it is a small elevation at the inner corner of the eye where tears drain into the puncta.

5. Which type of wave motion occurs when particles move perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation?

• A. Transverse waves
• B. Longitudinal waves
• C. Electromagnetic waves
• D. Surface waves

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Transverse waves are characterized by particles moving perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. In transverse waves, the oscillations of particles are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer. Longitudinal waves have particles that move parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Electromagnetic waves are a type of transverse wave that do not require a medium for propagation. Surface waves combine both longitudinal and transverse motions and occur at the interface between two different mediums.

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