Nursing Elites

1. What is the term for a group of organisms with the same genetic makeup?

• A. Population
• B. Clone
• C. Genotype
• D. Species

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In this context, a clone (option B) is a group of organisms that are genetically identical because they are derived from a single ancestor. A population (option A) refers to a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area. Genotype (option C) refers to the genetic makeup of an individual organism. Species (option D) refers to a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Therefore, the most appropriate choice for the question is 'Clone,' as it specifically refers to organisms with the same genetic makeup.

2. Which gland is responsible for producing the fluid that carries sperm in the male reproductive system?

• A. Testes
• B. Scrotum
• C. Prostate gland
• D. Seminal vesicles

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Seminal vesicles. Seminal vesicles are responsible for producing a significant portion of the fluid that makes up semen, providing nutrients and protection for the sperm. While the testes produce sperm, the scrotum is the external sac that holds the testes, and the prostate gland also contributes to semen production but is not solely responsible for it.

3. How many tissue layers make up the uterus?

• A. One.
• B. Two.
• C. Three.
• D. Four.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Three.' The uterus is composed of three tissue layers: the endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium. The endometrium is the innermost layer that thickens during the menstrual cycle and sheds during menstruation or supports a developing embryo during pregnancy. The myometrium is the middle layer, consisting of muscle tissue that contracts during labor. The perimetrium is the outer layer that covers the uterus. These three layers work together to support the functions of the uterus, such as menstruation, pregnancy, and labor. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the uterus is not made up of just one or two layers but rather three distinct tissue layers.

4. What is the principle behind the phenomenon of refraction, where waves bend when entering a new medium?

• A. Change in wavelength
• B. Change in frequency
• C. Change in wave speed
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Refraction occurs due to a change in wave speed when waves enter a new medium. As waves travel from one medium to another, their speed changes, causing them to bend. This change in speed is responsible for the bending of waves during refraction. It is not the change in wavelength or frequency that causes refraction, but rather the change in speed as waves move through different mediums. Therefore, the correct answer is the change in wave speed (Choice C). Choices A and B are incorrect as refraction is not primarily influenced by changes in wavelength or frequency, but by changes in wave speed. Choice D is also incorrect as there is a specific principle, which is the change in wave speed, behind the phenomenon of refraction.

5. What is the main function of the lungs?

• A. To transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body
• B. To coordinate movement and sensory information
• C. To filter waste products from the blood
• D. To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The main function of the lungs is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment. This process occurs through the alveoli in the lungs where oxygen from inhaled air enters the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide is removed from the bloodstream and exhaled. Option A is incorrect as the transportation of oxygen and nutrients throughout the body is primarily carried out by the circulatory system, not the lungs. Option B is incorrect as coordinating movement and sensory information is a function of the nervous system, not the lungs. Option C is incorrect as filtering waste products from the blood is primarily the role of the kidneys, not the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

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