Nursing Elites

1. What is the role of DNA in heredity?

• A. Provides energy for the cell
• B. Determines the structure and function of proteins
• C. Stores and transmits genetic information
• D. Controls cell division

Correct answer: C

Rationale: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. It stores genetic information in the form of a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). This genetic information is passed down from parents to offspring and is responsible for determining an organism's traits and characteristics. DNA's primary role is to store and transmit genetic information, making option C the correct answer. DNA does not provide energy for the cell (option A), determine the structure and function of proteins (option B), or control cell division (option D).

2. Which group of elements is known for their reactivity and ability to form strong bonds with other elements?

• A. Noble gases
• B. Halogens
• C. Alkali metals
• D. Transition metals

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Halogens are a group of elements in the periodic table known for their high reactivity and ability to form strong bonds with other elements. They possess seven valence electrons, requiring only one more electron to achieve a stable electron configuration, making them highly reactive. Halogens readily form compounds with other elements by gaining an electron to achieve a full outer shell, resulting in the formation of strong covalent bonds. Noble gases (option A), on the other hand, are known for their inertness and stable electron configurations, making them unlikely to form bonds. Alkali metals (option C) are highly reactive but do not form bonds as strong as halogens. Transition metals (option D) are recognized for their variable oxidation states and ability to create complex ions but are not as reactive as halogens when it comes to bond formation.

3. When a car brakes to a stop, friction between the tires and the road acts as:

• A. A balanced force
• B. An unbalanced force causing deceleration
• C. An unbalanced force causing the car to remain at rest
• D. No force at all

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a car brakes to a stop, friction between the tires and the road acts as an unbalanced force causing deceleration. This friction force opposes the motion of the car, resulting in a decrease in speed until the car comes to a complete stop. Choice A is incorrect because if the forces were balanced, the car would not experience any deceleration. Choice C is incorrect because if the force were unbalanced in the direction of motion, the car would continue to move instead of coming to a stop. Choice D is incorrect because friction between the tires and the road does exert a force, causing deceleration.

4. Which of the following is a condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath?

• A. Pneumonia
• B. Tuberculosis
• C. Asthma
• D. Emphysema

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Pneumonia, caused by an infection in the lungs, presents with symptoms like fever, chills, and cough with sputum. Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs, leading to symptoms such as persistent cough, chest pain, and weight loss. Emphysema, a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is characterized by the destruction of the air sacs in the lungs, causing symptoms like shortness of breath and chronic cough. Therefore, among the options provided, asthma best fits the description of a condition with airway inflammation and narrowing.

5. Which of the following is the control group in the above experiment?

• A. tank A
• B. tank B
• C. tank C
• D. There is no control group in this experiment.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: There is no control group in this experiment. A control group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment being studied in order to serve as a baseline for comparison. In this case, all three tanks (A, B, and C) are being treated with different amounts of fertilizer, and there is no group that is left untreated to serve as a control for comparison. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they all represent tanks that are part of the experimental groups receiving different amounts of fertilizer, thus none of them can be considered the control group.

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