Nursing Elites

1. What is the difference between a homozygous recessive genotype and a homozygous dominant genotype?

• A. Both have the same phenotype, but different genotypes.
• B. Both have the same genotype, but different phenotypes.
• C. Homozygous recessive has two dominant alleles, while homozygous dominant has two recessive alleles.
• D. Homozygous recessive has two identical recessive alleles, while homozygous dominant has two identical dominant alleles.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: - Homozygous recessive genotype refers to an individual having two identical recessive alleles for a particular gene (e.g., rr for a trait where r represents the recessive allele). - Homozygous dominant genotype refers to an individual having two identical dominant alleles for a particular gene (e.g., RR for a trait where R represents the dominant allele). - The difference between the two genotypes lies in the specific alleles present in each case, with homozygous recessive having two recessive alleles and homozygous dominant having two dominant alleles. - This genetic difference results in different phenotypes being expressed, as the dominant allele typically masks the expression of the recessive allele in heterozygous individuals.

2. Where is the heart located within the human body cavities?

• A. Dorsal cavity
• B. Ventral cavity
• C. Thoracic cavity
• D. Abdominal cavity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The heart is located within the thoracic cavity, specifically in the mediastinum, which is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. The thoracic cavity is part of the ventral cavity, which also includes the abdominal cavity. The dorsal cavity refers to the posterior side of the body and does not contain the heart. The heart is situated in the thoracic cavity between the lungs and above the diaphragm, making option C the correct choice. Therefore, the correct answer is the thoracic cavity (option C). The ventral cavity (option B) includes the thoracic and abdominal cavities, but the heart is specifically situated in the thoracic cavity. The dorsal cavity (option A) is located on the posterior side of the body, not where the heart is positioned. The abdominal cavity (option D) is below the thoracic cavity and houses organs such as the stomach, liver, and intestines, but it does not contain the heart.

3. Which hormone primarily triggers ovulation in the female menstrual cycle?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Progesterone
• C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Luteinizing hormone (LH) is the hormone primarily responsible for triggering ovulation in the female menstrual cycle. LH surge occurs around the middle of the menstrual cycle, causing the mature follicle to release an egg from the ovary. Estrogen and progesterone play crucial roles in regulating the menstrual cycle and preparing the endometrium for potential implantation of a fertilized egg, but they do not trigger ovulation directly. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is essential for the development of ovarian follicles but is not the primary hormone responsible for ovulation. Therefore, the correct answer is Luteinizing hormone (LH) as it directly initiates the release of the egg during ovulation.

4. Which bone is the longest in the human body?

• A. Femur (Thigh bone)
• B. Humerus (Upper arm bone)
• C. Tibia (Shin bone)
• D. Scapula (Shoulder blade)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the femur (thigh bone) as it is the longest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. It plays a vital role in supporting the body's weight and enabling movement. The humerus is located in the upper arm and is not as long as the femur. The tibia is the shin bone and is shorter than the femur. The scapula is the shoulder blade and is not the longest bone in the body, making it an incorrect choice.

5. Which of the following blood proteins can destroy pathogens?

• A. Complement system
• B. Fibrinogen
• C. Major histocompatibility complex
• D. Platelets

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Complement system. The complement system is a vital component of the immune system responsible for destroying pathogens through various mechanisms like promoting inflammation, enhancing phagocytosis, and directly lysing pathogens. Fibrinogen is crucial for blood clotting, the major histocompatibility complex is involved in immune responses, and platelets aid in blood clotting and wound healing. However, none of these directly destroy pathogens as the complement system does.

Similar Questions