Nursing Elites

1. What is the process of converting DNA into a protein called?

• A. Transcription
• B. Translation
• C. Replication
• D. Mutation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Translation is the correct answer. It is the process of converting the information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids to form a protein. Transcription (Choice A) is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. Replication (Choice C) is the process of making an identical copy of DNA. Mutation (Choice D) refers to a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations in proteins, but it is not the process of converting DNA into a protein.

2. What is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body?

• A. Jugular vein
• B. Thoracic duct
• C. Subclavian vein
• D. Aorta

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body, responsible for draining lymph from most parts of the body except for the right upper quadrant. The jugular vein, subclavian vein, and aorta are not part of the lymphatic system; they are blood vessels and do not serve as lymphatic vessels. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are not associated with the lymphatic system's transport of lymph.

3. Which term describes a position closer to the center of the body?

• A. Distal
• B. Proximal
• C. Lateral
• D. Medial

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Proximal. Proximal is used to describe a position closer to the center of the body. Distal, the incorrect choice, refers to a position farther away from the center. Lateral, another incorrect choice, indicates a position on the side of the body. Medial, also an incorrect option, describes a position towards the middle or midline of the body.

4. What is the principle behind the phenomenon of refraction, where waves bend when entering a new medium?

• A. Change in wavelength
• B. Change in frequency
• C. Change in wave speed
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Refraction occurs due to a change in wave speed when waves enter a new medium. As waves travel from one medium to another, their speed changes, causing them to bend. This change in speed is responsible for the bending of waves during refraction. It is not the change in wavelength or frequency that causes refraction, but rather the change in speed as waves move through different mediums. Therefore, the correct answer is the change in wave speed (Choice C). Choices A and B are incorrect as refraction is not primarily influenced by changes in wavelength or frequency, but by changes in wave speed. Choice D is also incorrect as there is a specific principle, which is the change in wave speed, behind the phenomenon of refraction.

5. A spring with a spring constant of 100 N/m is stretched 0.2 m from its equilibrium position. What is the potential energy stored in the spring?

• A. 2 J
• B. 4 J
• C. 8 J
• D. 20 J

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The potential energy stored in a spring is given by the formula \(PE = \frac{1}{2}kx^2\), where \(k\) is the spring constant and \(x\) is the displacement from the equilibrium position. Substituting the given values, we get \(PE = \frac{1}{2} \times 100 \times (0.2)^2 = 8\) J.

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