Nursing Elites

1. What is the process of breaking down and rebuilding bone tissue called?

• A. Ossification
• B. Remodeling
• C. Calcification
• D. Osteoporosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Remodeling.' Remodeling is the process of breaking down and rebuilding bone tissue. Ossification is the process of bone formation, not breaking down and rebuilding bone tissue. Calcification involves the deposition of calcium salts in tissues, but it is not specifically related to breaking down and rebuilding bone tissue. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decreased bone density leading to increased bone fragility, not the process of breaking down and rebuilding bone tissue.

2. Approximately how many muscles are in the human body?

• A. 100
• B. 200
• C. 600
• D. Over 600

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The human body has over 600 muscles responsible for various functions like movement, stability, and posture. These muscles work together enabling us to perform daily activities and are crucial for our overall health and well-being. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the human body has far more than 100, 200, or 600 muscles. Option D, 'Over 600,' is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the approximate number of muscles in the human body.

3. What macromolecules are formed from amino acids, and what are their roles?

• A. Lipids; store energy
• B. Carbohydrates; provide energy
• C. Proteins; perform various functions like catalysis, transport, and structural support
• D. Nucleic acids; store genetic information

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Proteins are macromolecules formed from amino acids and have diverse roles, such as serving as enzymes, transport molecules, and providing structural support. They are essential for catalysis, cellular communication, immune response, and many other functions in living organisms. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Lipids are not formed from amino acids but from fatty acids and glycerol, mainly serving as energy storage molecules. Carbohydrates are composed of sugars and provide energy to the body. Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, are made up of nucleotides and store genetic information in cells.

4. A ball is thrown horizontally off a cliff with a speed of 10 m/s. What is the horizontal distance the ball travels before hitting the ground?

• A. 10 m
• B. 20 m
• C. 30 m
• D. Cannot be determined without knowing the height of the cliff

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When a ball is thrown horizontally, its horizontal velocity remains constant throughout its motion. The horizontal distance traveled by the ball is determined by the horizontal velocity and the time taken to hit the ground. In this case, the horizontal distance is calculated as distance = velocity × time. Since the horizontal velocity is 10 m/s, the horizontal distance traveled by the ball is 10 m/s × time. The time taken to hit the ground is determined by the vertical motion, which is independent of the horizontal velocity. Therefore, without knowing the height of the cliff, we can still determine the horizontal distance traveled by the ball. The horizontal distance is solely dependent on the horizontal velocity and the time of flight, which are not influenced by the height of the cliff. Hence, the correct answer is 30 m. Choice A, 10 m, is incorrect as it does not consider the time of flight. Choice B, 20 m, is incorrect as it does not account for the constant horizontal velocity. Choice D, 'Cannot be determined without knowing the height of the cliff,' is incorrect because the horizontal distance can be calculated independently of the height of the cliff.

5. An uncharged atom has an electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 and a mass number of 14. How many protons does it have?

• A. 14
• B. 6
• C. 8
• D. 12

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (6 protons). The electron configuration provided corresponds to the element carbon, which has 6 protons. The mass number does not affect the number of protons in an atom, so despite the mass number of 14, the atom still contains 6 protons. Choice A (14) is incorrect because the mass number does not determine the number of protons. Choices C (8) and D (12) are incorrect as they do not match the number of protons in a carbon atom.

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