Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of red blood cells?

• A. To transport nutrients
• B. To transport oxygen
• C. To fight infection
• D. To produce antibodies

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To transport oxygen. Red blood cells play a crucial role in carrying oxygen from the lungs to all the tissues and organs in the body. This oxygen transport is essential for cellular respiration, where oxygen is used in the production of energy. Red blood cells do not primarily transport nutrients, fight infection, or produce antibodies. Choice A is incorrect because while red blood cells do carry some nutrients, their primary function is to transport oxygen. Choice C is incorrect because immune cells, not red blood cells, are responsible for fighting infections. Choice D is incorrect as antibody production is mainly carried out by specialized white blood cells, not red blood cells.

2. Which of the following types of immunity is provided by the secretion of antibodies by B-cells?

• A. Cell-mediated
• B. Humoral
• C. Innate immunity
• D. Phagocytic

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Humoral. Humoral immunity involves B-cells secreting antibodies to fight pathogens. In this type of immunity, antibodies circulate in the blood and other body fluids to neutralize pathogens and prevent infections. Cell-mediated immunity, on the other hand, involves the activation of T-cells to directly attack infected or abnormal cells, not the secretion of antibodies. Innate immunity refers to the nonspecific defense mechanisms the body has in place from birth, such as physical barriers and inflammatory responses. Phagocytic immunity is not a recognized type of immunity; phagocytosis is a mechanism used by cells like macrophages to engulf and digest pathogens, but it is not a specific form of immunity like humoral or cell-mediated immunity.

3. Which macromolecule will always contain nitrogen?

• A. Fatty acid
• B. Protein
• C. Lipid
• D. Carbohydrate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Protein. Proteins always contain nitrogen, as it is a key element in amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Fatty acids (choice A), lipids (choice C), and carbohydrates (choice D) do not always contain nitrogen. Fatty acids consist of long chains of hydrocarbons, lipids are mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as well, but not nitrogen.

4. What is the SI unit of measurement for work?

• A. Newton-meter (N·m)
• B. Joule (J)
• C. Watt (W)
• D. Meter per second (m/s)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Joule (J). Work is defined as the amount of energy transferred by a force acting through a distance. The Joule is the unit used to measure this energy transfer. Choice A, Newton-meter (N·m), is the unit for torque, not work. Choice C, Watt (W), is the unit of power, not work. Choice D, Meter per second (m/s), is a unit for speed or velocity and is not related to work.

5. What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

• A. Air is expelled from the lungs.
• B. The lungs expand to allow air intake.
• C. The vocal cords vibrate to produce sound.
• D. The trachea narrows to control airflow.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, creating more space in the chest cavity. This expansion of the chest cavity causes the lungs to expand as well, allowing air to be drawn into the lungs during inhalation. Therefore, the correct answer is that the lungs expand to allow air intake when the diaphragm contracts. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because when the diaphragm contracts, it does not expel air from the lungs, cause the vocal cords to vibrate, or narrow the trachea to control airflow.

Similar Questions