Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of red blood cells?

• A. To transport nutrients
• B. To transport oxygen
• C. To fight infection
• D. To produce antibodies

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To transport oxygen. Red blood cells play a crucial role in carrying oxygen from the lungs to all the tissues and organs in the body. This oxygen transport is essential for cellular respiration, where oxygen is used in the production of energy. Red blood cells do not primarily transport nutrients, fight infection, or produce antibodies. Choice A is incorrect because while red blood cells do carry some nutrients, their primary function is to transport oxygen. Choice C is incorrect because immune cells, not red blood cells, are responsible for fighting infections. Choice D is incorrect as antibody production is mainly carried out by specialized white blood cells, not red blood cells.

2. What would be an appropriate control variable for this experiment?

• A. The period
• B. The length of the string
• C. The mass of the ball
• D. The color of the ball

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The mass of the ball would be an appropriate control variable for this experiment. By keeping the mass constant, you can ensure that any observed effects are not due to variations in mass but rather to the manipulated independent variable. Controlling the mass helps isolate and identify the true impact of the independent variable being studied. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The period and length of the string are more likely to be independent variables or factors being manipulated in the experiment. The color of the ball is considered an extraneous variable that is not typically controlled for in this type of experiment.

3. Which of the following is an example of adaptive immunity?

• A. Inflammation
• B. Fever
• C. Antibodies
• D. Phagocytosis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Antibodies are produced by the adaptive immune system in response to specific antigens. They play a crucial role in targeting and neutralizing pathogens, providing long-lasting immunity against future infections. In contrast, options A (inflammation), B (fever), and D (phagocytosis) are examples of innate immunity, the body's immediate, non-specific defense mechanisms. Inflammation is a response to tissue damage, fever is a systemic response to infection, and phagocytosis is a process where cells engulf and digest pathogens, all part of the innate immune response.

4. Which blood component is responsible for the production of antibodies?

• A. Platelets
• B. Red blood cells
• C. White blood cells
• D. Plasma cells

Correct answer: C

Rationale: White blood cells, specifically B lymphocytes or B cells, are responsible for producing antibodies as part of the immune response. When the body encounters foreign substances (antigens), B cells are activated to differentiate into plasma cells, which then produce antibodies to target and neutralize the antigens. Platelets are involved in blood clotting and not in antibody production. Red blood cells are primarily responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood and do not produce antibodies. Plasma cells are actually differentiated B cells that produce antibodies, but the question asks for the blood component responsible for the production of antibodies, which is the white blood cells.

5. Which valve allows blood flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle?

• A. Tricuspid valve
• B. Pulmonic valve
• C. Mitral valve
• D. Aortic valve

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Tricuspid valve. This valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle in the heart. Its primary function is to facilitate the flow of blood from the right atrium into the right ventricle and to prevent the backflow of blood. The Pulmonic valve (choice B) is situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, not between the right atrium and ventricle, making it incorrect. The Mitral valve (choice C) is found between the left atrium and the left ventricle, not the right side, so it is incorrect. The Aortic valve (choice D) is positioned between the left ventricle and the aorta, not involved in the right atrium and ventricle connection, hence it is also incorrect.

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