what is the outermost protective layer of the kidney

ATI TEAS 7

TEAS version 7 quizlet science

1. What is the outermost protective layer of the kidney?

A. Renal cortex
B. Renal medulla
C. Renal capsule
D. Renal pelvis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Renal capsule. The renal capsule is the outermost protective layer of the kidney. It is a tough fibrous layer that surrounds the kidney and helps protect it from injury and maintain its shape. Choice A, Renal cortex, is the outer region of the kidney where filtration occurs. Choice B, Renal medulla, is the inner region of the kidney where urine is formed. Choice D, Renal pelvis, is the funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the kidney and funnels it into the ureter. Therefore, the renal capsule is specifically designated as the outermost protective layer of the kidney.

2. What are the two primary functions of the respiratory system?

A. Delivering nutrients and removing CO2
B. Delivering O2 and removing CO2, maintaining blood pH
C. Maintaining blood pH and delivering nutrients
D. Delivering O2 and nutrients to the cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The respiratory system's primary functions include delivering oxygen (O2) to the body's cells for cellular respiration and removing carbon dioxide (CO2), thereby aiding in the maintenance of blood pH. These functions are crucial for gas exchange and the overall metabolic processes within the body. Choice A is incorrect as the respiratory system primarily delivers O2, not nutrients, and removes CO2, not delivering it. Choice C is incorrect as while the respiratory system helps maintain blood pH by removing CO2, it does not primarily deliver nutrients. Choice D is incorrect as it combines the functions of delivering O2 and nutrients, which are distinct roles of different systems in the body.

3. What is the difference between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron?

A. Sensory neurons carry signals from sensory receptors towards the central nervous system, while motor neurons carry signals away from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.
B. Sensory neurons control voluntary muscles, while motor neurons control involuntary muscles.
C. Sensory neurons are located in the peripheral nervous system, while motor neurons are located in the central nervous system.
D. Sensory neurons detect light, while motor neurons detect sound.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Sensory neurons are responsible for carrying signals from sensory receptors towards the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), allowing the brain to receive information about the external environment. On the other hand, motor neurons carry signals away from the central nervous system to muscles and glands, enabling the brain to control voluntary and involuntary movements. Choice B is incorrect because sensory neurons do not control muscles, and motor neurons control both voluntary and involuntary muscles. Choice C is incorrect as sensory neurons are located in the peripheral nervous system, while motor neurons are located in the central nervous system. Choice D is incorrect because sensory neurons detect various stimuli such as touch, taste, smell, and sound, while motor neurons are not involved in detecting sensory stimuli.

4. Which cavity contains all of the frontal cavities? Choose only ONE best answer.

A. Dorsal
B. Thoracic
C. Abdominopelvic
D. Ventral

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ventral. The ventral cavity includes both the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. The frontal cavities are part of the ventral cavity, which is located towards the front of the body, while the dorsal cavity is towards the back. The dorsal cavity contains the cranial and vertebral cavities, not the frontal cavities. The thoracic cavity is part of the ventral cavity but does not encompass all the frontal cavities. The abdominopelvic cavity is also part of the ventral cavity, but it does not include all of the frontal cavities. Therefore, the ventral cavity is the correct choice as it encompasses all the frontal cavities.

5. Which vitamin plays a crucial role in calcium absorption in the small intestine?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium absorption in the small intestine by enhancing the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. This helps in regulating the levels of these minerals in the body, which are essential for maintaining healthy bones. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and immune function, but it is not directly related to calcium absorption. Vitamin C (Choice B) is primarily known for its role in collagen synthesis and antioxidant functions, not calcium absorption. Vitamin E (Choice D) acts as an antioxidant and is not directly involved in calcium absorption in the small intestine.