Nursing Elites

1. What is the term for the tiny particles that make up atoms?

• A. Protons
• B. Electrons
• C. Neutrons
• D. Subatomic particles

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Subatomic particles.' Subatomic particles are the tiny components that constitute atoms, including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of an atom, while electrons revolve around the nucleus. Choices A, B, and C specifically refer to individual subatomic particles but do not encompass the complete range of particles within an atom.

2. What is the function of the alveoli in the lungs?

• A. To exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen
• B. To transport air to the lungs
• C. To filter blood
• D. To produce mucus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The corrected answer is A: 'To exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen.' The alveoli in the lungs are responsible for facilitating gas exchange, where oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide from the bloodstream diffuses into the alveoli to be exhaled. This process is vital for respiration and maintaining proper oxygen levels in the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because the alveoli are not involved in transporting air to the lungs; they are primarily responsible for gas exchange. Choice C is incorrect because the alveoli do not filter blood; their main function is gas exchange. Choice D is incorrect because alveoli do not produce mucus; mucus is produced by other specialized cells in the respiratory system.

3. What type of genetic testing can reveal an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases?

• A. Karyotyping
• B. Pharmacogenomics
• C. Paternity testing
• D. Microarray analysis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A) Karyotyping is a genetic test that examines an individual's chromosomes to detect abnormalities such as extra or missing chromosomes. It is not typically used to reveal an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases. B) Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs. It focuses on how genetic variations can influence drug response, rather than susceptibility to diseases. C) Paternity testing is a genetic test used to determine the biological relationship between a child and an alleged father. It is not used to reveal an individual's susceptibility to diseases. D) Microarray analysis is a type of genetic testing that can reveal an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases by analyzing variations in their DNA. It can identify genetic markers associated with increased risk for specific conditions, allowing for personalized risk assessment and preventive measures.

4. Why is an extensive network of blood vessels necessary to supply the endocrine glands?

• A. To filter waste from the blood
• B. Because the glands empty directly into the blood
• C. To allow blood to empty into the endocrine system
• D. To filter waste from the endocrine glands

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood, which is why they require a rich blood supply to ensure effective hormone distribution throughout the body. The extensive network of blood vessels allows hormones to be quickly transported to target tissues and organs, regulating various physiological functions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because endocrine glands do not filter waste from the blood or the glands themselves. They release hormones into the bloodstream to regulate bodily functions, making a direct connection to the blood supply crucial for their function.

5. Which macromolecule will always contain nitrogen?

• A. Fatty acid
• B. Protein
• C. Lipid
• D. Carbohydrate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Protein. Proteins always contain nitrogen, as it is a key element in amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Fatty acids (choice A), lipids (choice C), and carbohydrates (choice D) do not always contain nitrogen. Fatty acids consist of long chains of hydrocarbons, lipids are mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as well, but not nitrogen.

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