What is the meaning of the word 'phenomenon' in the second paragraph?

A. Something that is lifeless to the senses

B. Something that is nonchalant

C. Something that is significant but unusual

D. Something that is chemical in origin

Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the context of the second paragraph, 'phenomenon' refers to something significant and unusual, specifically describing the scientific phenomenon known as the Doppler Effect. This effect explains the change in frequency of sound waves when a source of sound and the observer are in relative motion. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the meaning of 'phenomenon' in this context. 'Lifeless to the senses,' 'nonchalant,' and 'chemical in origin' do not align with the description of the Doppler Effect, which is a notable and uncommon scientific occurrence.

The passage mentions all of these uses for microscopy EXCEPT ___________.

• A. Ear surgery
• B. Amputations
• C. Vasectomies
• D. Reconstructions

Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The passage discusses various uses of microscopy in surgery, including ear surgery, amputations, and reconstructions. However, vasectomies are not mentioned as an application of microscopy in the text. Therefore, vasectomies are the exception among the listed uses. Choices A, B, and D are supported by details in the extract, making them incorrect answers. The passage highlights the uses of microscopy in delicate ear operations, repairing blood vessels in partially amputated limbs, and improving breast reconstructions. While vasectomies are mentioned briefly in the extract, they are not connected to the application of microscopy in the context of surgeries.

What is the passage primarily about?

• A. What we know about the Moon and its differences from Earth
• B. A comparison of the Moon and Earth
• C. The Moon’s effect on Earth
• D. The origin of the Moon

Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'What we know about the Moon and its differences from Earth.' The passage discusses various aspects of the Moon, including its origin, gravitational influence on Earth, physical characteristics, lack of atmosphere, and surface features. It provides insights into what humans know about the Moon and highlights its differences from Earth. Choice B is incorrect because while the passage does compare certain aspects of the Moon and Earth, it primarily focuses on the Moon itself rather than a direct comparison. Choice C is incorrect as the passage briefly mentions the Moon's effect on Earth in relation to tides but does not primarily focus on this aspect. Choice D is incorrect as the origin of the Moon is mentioned in the passage, but it is not the primary focus of the text.

What is the relationship between the tilt of the Earth and seasons as explained in the passage on Daylight Savings Time?

• A. The tilt of the Earth has no effect on seasons.
• B. The tilt of the Earth creates seasons.
• C. The tilt of the Earth changes throughout the year.
• D. The tilt of the Earth is random and unpredictable.

Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'The tilt of the Earth creates seasons.' The passage explains that the tilt of the Earth causes the different seasons by changing the amount of sunlight different regions receive. This tilt results in varying angles at which sunlight reaches different parts of the Earth, leading to the seasonal changes in temperature and daylight hours. Choice A is incorrect because the passage clearly states that the tilt of the Earth does have an effect on the seasons. Choice C is incorrect because the tilt of the Earth remains relatively constant throughout the year. Choice D is incorrect as the tilt of the Earth is not random but follows a consistent pattern.

A reader might infer from this passage that NASA ___________.

• A. Plans new twin studies as it aims for Mars
• B. Allows other agencies to study its astronauts
• C. Will use these data in planning future trips
• D. Cares more about physiology than psychology

Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The passage suggests that NASA will use the findings from the twin study to plan future extended space missions.