what is the meaning of the word established as used in the first paragraph

HESI A2

HESI A2 Reading Comprehension

1. What is the meaning of the word 'established' as used in the first paragraph?

A. Created
B. Ascertained
C. Founded
D. Reputable

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In this context, 'established' means 'founded' or set up for a long time. The word is used to indicate that phototherapy has been a recognized and in place form of medicine for over a century. 'Created' (choice A) is incorrect as it implies the initial invention of phototherapy, which is not the intended meaning here. 'Ascertained' (choice B) means to find out for certain, which does not match the context of how phototherapy has been practiced. 'Reputable' (choice D) means having a good reputation, which is not the same as being long-standing or founded.

2. In the context of the passage, 'accommodate' means to

A. Arrange lodging for
B. Contain
C. Make allowances for
D. Excuse

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In this context, 'accommodate' means to make allowances for different focal points of vision. The passage explains that the function of the lens is to adjust for different focal points so that sensory data can be correctly directed to the retina for interpretation into images by the brain. This aligns with the meaning of 'make allowances for' as it indicates adapting to or accommodating different needs or requirements. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because in the context of the passage, 'accommodate' specifically refers to adjusting for different focal points of vision rather than arranging lodging, containing, or excusing.

3. Which statement could be inferred from the passage?

A. The Georgia lab had conducted a previous study on the connection between exercise and energy.
B. Exercise regimes are not recommended for patients with serious health problems.
C. An increase in energy levels does not always correspond directly to a reduction in fatigue.
D. There were fewer than 10 participants in each group in the Georgia study.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The passage mentions a previous study by the same team on the connection between exercise and energy, indicating that the lab had conducted such research before. Choice B is incorrect because the passage actually states that low-impact exercise can help reduce fatigue in patients with serious health conditions. Choice C is incorrect as the passage indicates that an increase in energy levels does correspond to a reduction in fatigue. Choice D is incorrect as the passage does not provide information on the exact number of participants in each group.

4. What is the best title for the passage on bicycles?

A. Bicycles Are Better.
B. Cycle Your Way to Fitness.
C. A Ride through the History of Bicycles.
D. The Popularity of Bicycles.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'A Ride through the History of Bicycles.' This title best captures the passage's focus on the historical development and evolution of the bicycle from its invention to its modern form. Choice A, 'Bicycles Are Better,' is too general and doesn't encompass the historical aspect discussed in the passage. Choice B, 'Cycle Your Way to Fitness,' focuses solely on the fitness aspect of bicycles, ignoring the broader historical context. Choice D, 'The Popularity of Bicycles,' touches on one aspect but does not encompass the comprehensive historical journey presented in the passage.