what is the meaning of the word abstain as used in the last paragraph

HESI A2

HESI A2 Reading Comprehension

1. What is the meaning of the word 'abstain' as used in the last paragraph?

A. Dishonor
B. Go without
C. Connect to
D. Liberate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the context of the passage, 'abstain' means to refrain from or go without. The passage discusses the challenges of treating individuals with both eating disorders and substance abuse issues. It mentions that while treatment for addiction involves abstinence, it is not possible to completely abstain from food. This highlights the meaning of 'abstain' as 'go without' in this context. The other choices are incorrect: 'Dishonor' does not relate to abstain, 'Connect to' is not synonymous with abstain, and 'Liberate' does not align with the context of the passage.

2. What is the best summary of the passage?

A. Electric currents within the body are due to electrostatic charges set off by the heart. Medical staff are trained to recognize any abnormalities within the heart.
B. Every individual has unique electric currents on the surface of the body. The ECG measures and records these electric currents.
C. The ECG systematically and rather quickly measures the stages at which the 'wave of excitation' occurs within the heart and records them. This wave has three distinct steps that spread from the SA node to the AV node.
D. The ECG measures the electric currents within the body. These currents are detected on the surface of the body when the body is connected to an amplifier.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct summary of the passage is option C. The passage explains how the ECG systematically measures and records the 'wave of excitation' that occurs within the heart in three distinct steps, spreading from the SA node to the AV node. This summary effectively captures the main focus of the passage. Option A is incorrect because it only mentions the detection of electric currents in the body and recognizing abnormalities by medical staff, missing the key information about the 'wave of excitation' and its stages. Option B is incorrect as it focuses solely on the measurement and recording of unique electric currents on the body's surface, neglecting the specific process described in the passage. Option D is also incorrect as it provides a general description of how the ECG measures electric currents without emphasizing the specific stages of the 'wave of excitation' as detailed in the passage.

3. What is the meaning of the word instill as used in the second paragraph of the passage?

A. Impart
B. Propagandize
C. Demand
D. Create

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Impart.' In the context of the passage, 'instill' means to impart important lessons about maintaining good health, staying fit, and keeping weight under control. This word choice is appropriate as it aligns with the idea of teaching and passing on knowledge. Choice B, 'Propagandize,' is incorrect as it implies spreading biased or misleading information, which is not the intended meaning in this context. Choice C, 'Demand,' is incorrect as it does not capture the concept of teaching or passing on lessons. Choice D, 'Create,' is also incorrect as it does not convey the idea of imparting knowledge or lessons, which is the central meaning of 'instill' in this context.

4. What is the relationship between the tilt of the Earth and seasons as explained in the passage on Daylight Savings Time?

A. The tilt of the Earth has no effect on seasons.
B. The tilt of the Earth creates seasons.
C. The tilt of the Earth changes throughout the year.
D. The tilt of the Earth is random and unpredictable.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'The tilt of the Earth creates seasons.' The passage explains that the tilt of the Earth causes the different seasons by changing the amount of sunlight different regions receive. This tilt results in varying angles at which sunlight reaches different parts of the Earth, leading to the seasonal changes in temperature and daylight hours. Choice A is incorrect because the passage clearly states that the tilt of the Earth does have an effect on the seasons. Choice C is incorrect because the tilt of the Earth remains relatively constant throughout the year. Choice D is incorrect as the tilt of the Earth is not random but follows a consistent pattern.

5. What are the three steps of the 'wave of excitation'?

A. The discharge from the SA node, the peak ECG, and the excitement of the ventricle.
B. The excitement of the ventricle, the relaxing of the ventricle, and the systemic neural response.
C. The contraction of the atrium, the relaxation of the atrium, and the contraction of the ventricle.
D. The excitation of the atrium, the excitement of the ventricle, and the relaxing of the ventricle.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct steps of the 'wave of excitation' are the excitation of the atrium, excitement of the ventricle, and relaxation of the ventricle. In the described process, the 'wave of excitation' starts with the discharge from the SA node, leading to the excitation of the atrium. Next, the peak ECG corresponds to the excitement of the ventricle, not its relaxation. Finally, the wave concludes with the relaxation of the ventricle, not its contraction. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the sequential steps of the 'wave of excitation' as presented in the extract.