the gall bladder is part of the

HESI A2

HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

1. Which system does the gall bladder belong to?

A. endocrine system
B. urinary system
C. digestive system
D. nervous system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The gall bladder is part of the digestive system. Its primary function is to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver and release it into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats. This process facilitates the breakdown and absorption of fats from the food we consume. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as the gall bladder is not associated with the endocrine, urinary, or nervous systems.

2. Which gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism?

A. Pituitary gland
B. Thyroid gland
C. Adrenal gland
D. Pineal gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The thyroid gland is responsible for producing hormones, such as thyroxine, that play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy production, and overall growth and development in the body. The pituitary gland, while important for hormone regulation, does not primarily regulate metabolism. The adrenal gland is responsible for producing hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which are more related to stress response than direct metabolism regulation. The pineal gland mainly produces melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles and not metabolism. Therefore, the correct answer is the thyroid gland.

3. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A. To remove carbon dioxide from the body
B. To transport oxygen to the cells
C. To deliver nutrients to cells
D. To create sound and speech

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases. It transports oxygen from the air into the bloodstream, which is crucial for cellular respiration and providing energy to the cells. Additionally, it removes carbon dioxide, which is a waste product that needs to be eliminated. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while the respiratory system does remove carbon dioxide, its primary role is oxygen transport, not nutrient delivery, sound, or speech production.

4. What is the function of white blood cells?

A. To carry oxygen to the cells
B. To fight infection
C. To transport nutrients
D. To clot blood

Correct answer: B

Rationale: White blood cells are a vital part of the immune system. Their primary function is to fight infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that enter the body. They play a crucial role in protecting the body against illnesses and maintaining overall health. Choice A is incorrect because the role of carrying oxygen to cells is primarily performed by red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as the transportation of nutrients is mainly carried out by the bloodstream and specialized cells. Choice D is incorrect as the process of clotting blood is primarily mediated by platelets.

5. What is the most visible part of the ear?

A. Ear canal
B. Cochlea
C. Organ of Corti
D. Pinna

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The pinna, also known as the auricle, is the most visible part of the ear. Its external shape and location make it easily noticeable on the side of the head. The pinna helps in capturing sound waves and directing them into the ear canal, where the sound transmission process begins. The other structures listed, the Organ of Corti, Cochlea, and Ear canal, are essential parts of the ear involved in hearing and sound processing, but they are not as visibly prominent as the pinna. Therefore, the correct answer is the pinna because of its external visibility and role in capturing sound waves.