Nursing Elites

1. What is the main function of the urinary system?

• A. Transporting oxygen
• B. Fighting off infections
• C. Maintaining acid-base balance
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The main function of the urinary system is to maintain the body's acid-base balance. This is achieved by regulating the levels of electrolytes and water in the body. The kidneys filter waste products from the blood to form urine, which helps to regulate the pH balance. Choice A, transporting oxygen, is primarily the function of the respiratory system. Choice B, fighting off infections, is a function of the immune system. Therefore, the correct answer is maintaining acid-base balance.

2. Which of the following is a balanced chemical equation?

• A. H2 + O2 → H2O
• B. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
• C. 3H2O → 2H2 + O2
• D. H2O → H2 + O2

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A balanced chemical equation must have the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. In option B, 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O, the equation is balanced as there are 2 hydrogen atoms and 2 oxygen atoms on both the reactant and product sides after balancing, satisfying the law of conservation of mass. Option A is unbalanced as there are 2 oxygen atoms on the reactant side but only 1 oxygen atom on the product side. Option C is unbalanced with 3 hydrogen atoms on the reactant side and 2 hydrogen atoms on the product side. Option D is unbalanced with 1 oxygen atom on the reactant side and 2 oxygen atoms on the product side.

3. Which compound is a component of baking soda and is important for maintaining pH balance in the body?

• A. Potassium
• B. Sodium
• C. Calcium
• D. Sodium bicarbonate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Sodium bicarbonate. Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is a compound that plays a crucial role in maintaining pH balance in the body. When ingested, sodium bicarbonate acts as a buffer, helping to regulate the body's pH levels. It is essential for various physiological functions. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Potassium, calcium, and sodium are important minerals in the body but are not components of baking soda or directly responsible for maintaining pH balance in the same way as sodium bicarbonate.

4. Which hormone is responsible for milk production in the breasts after childbirth?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Prolactin
• C. Oxytocin
• D. Relaxin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Prolactin is the hormone responsible for milk production in the breasts after childbirth. It is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk. Estrogen aids in the development of breast tissue during pregnancy but is not directly involved in milk production. Oxytocin is responsible for milk ejection during breastfeeding, while Relaxin helps relax uterine muscles during pregnancy but is not directly linked to milk production.

5. What is insulin, where is it produced, and what is its function?

• A. Produced in the liver, regulates fat storage
• B. Produced in the pancreas, regulates blood sugar
• C. Produced in the stomach, aids in digestion
• D. Produced in the kidneys, controls hydration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas. Its primary function is to regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose by cells for energy. The other choices are incorrect as insulin is not produced in the liver (Choice A), stomach (Choice C), or kidneys (Choice D), and its function is not related to fat storage, digestion, or hydration. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Similar Questions