Nursing Elites

1. What is the main function of the digestive system?

• A. To break down food and absorb nutrients
• B. To regulate body temperature
• C. To transport nutrients
• D. To produce hormones

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The main function of the digestive system is to break down food into nutrients through the process of digestion. Once the food is broken down, the nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream and utilized by the body for various functions. Choice B, regulating body temperature, is incorrect as it is the function of the body's thermoregulatory system, not the digestive system. Choice C, transporting nutrients, is incorrect as the digestive system primarily focuses on breaking down and absorbing nutrients rather than transporting them. Choice D, producing hormones, is also incorrect as hormone production is mainly carried out by endocrine glands and not the digestive system.

2. Which organ in the digestive system absorbs nutrients?

• A. Stomach
• B. Small intestine
• C. Large intestine
• D. Esophagus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It plays a crucial role in absorbing digested food into the bloodstream, where the nutrients are then circulated to the body's cells for energy and other functions. The stomach primarily breaks down food through the action of acids and enzymes, while the large intestine absorbs water and salts, not nutrients. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and does not participate in nutrient absorption.

3. Which part of the respiratory system is in the upper respiratory tract?

• A. Bronchioles
• B. Alveolar ducts
• C. Alveoli
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The upper respiratory tract includes structures such as the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx. These structures are responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying the air. The lower respiratory tract comprises the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli. Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli are all part of the lower respiratory system, involved in gas exchange. Therefore, the correct answer is 'None of the above' as none of the listed options are part of the upper respiratory tract.

4. Which cellular structure is responsible for protein synthesis?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Ribosome
• C. Endoplasmic reticulum
• D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ribosome. Ribosomes, the cellular structures located in the cytoplasm or on the endoplasmic reticulum, are responsible for protein synthesis in the cell. They are the sites where mRNA is translated into proteins, making them essential for the synthesis of proteins in all living cells. The other choices, such as the nucleus (choice A), endoplasmic reticulum (choice C), and Golgi apparatus (choice D), are not directly involved in protein synthesis. The nucleus contains DNA and is responsible for housing the genetic material, the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein folding and transport, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins.

5. What is the primary function of the skin?

• A. To regulate body temperature
• B. To protect the body from external damage
• C. To produce vitamin D
• D. To produce red blood cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the skin is to protect the body from external damage. While the skin also helps regulate body temperature and produces vitamin D in response to sunlight, its main role is to act as a barrier against harmful external factors, such as pathogens and physical injuries. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because although the skin does play a role in regulating body temperature and producing vitamin D, its primary function is providing protection against external threats.

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