Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

• A. To filter waste from the blood
• B. To produce urine
• C. To regulate blood pressure
• D. To absorb nutrients

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'To filter waste from the blood.' The primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system is to filter waste products and excess substances from the blood, forming urine, which is then excreted from the body. Kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall balance by filtering out waste, regulating fluid levels, and helping in the elimination of toxins. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while the kidneys do produce urine, regulate blood pressure, and help in nutrient absorption indirectly, their primary function is the filtration of waste from the blood.

2. Which is an anterior feature of the human head?

• A. The nose
• B. The ears
• C. The occipital lobe
• D. The temporal lobe

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The nose is an anterior feature of the human head, located in the frontal part of the face. It plays a vital role in the respiratory system by allowing air to enter and exit the body. Additionally, the nose contains olfactory receptors that enable the sense of smell. The ears, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe are not anterior features of the human head. The ears are located on the sides, the occipital lobe is at the back of the head, and the temporal lobe is on the sides and base of the cerebral cortex.

3. Which is a posterior feature of the human leg?

• A. Patella
• B. Quadriceps sartorius
• C. Triceps brachii
• D. Achilles tendon

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the Achilles tendon. The Achilles tendon is a strong tendon located at the back of the human leg, connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone. This positioning makes it a posterior feature, situated at the rear of the leg. The patella, also known as the kneecap, is positioned at the front of the leg, making it an anterior feature. The quadriceps sartorius are muscles located in the front of the thigh, not at the back of the leg. Additionally, the triceps brachii is a muscle found in the upper arm, not in the leg, making it an incorrect choice.

4. What is the primary function of the liver?

• A. Detoxifying harmful substances
• B. Producing bile
• C. Producing insulin
• D. Storing glycogen

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the liver is to detoxify harmful substances in the blood. While the liver also produces bile, which aids in digestion, stores glycogen for energy storage, and participates in metabolism, its main and essential function is detoxification. Producing insulin is mainly attributed to the pancreas, not the liver.

5. How does a sagittal section divide the body?

• A. Into right and left regions
• B. Into upper and lower regions
• C. Into front and back regions
• D. Between the dorsal and ventral cavities

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A sagittal section divides the body into right and left regions. This type of section runs longitudinally from front to back, separating the body into right and left halves. Sagittal sections are crucial for understanding the anatomical structure and orientation of various body parts. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a sagittal section specifically divides the body into right and left portions, not upper and lower regions, front and back regions, or between the dorsal and ventral cavities.

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