Nursing Elites

1. What is the main function of the circulatory system?

• A. Transporting oxygen and nutrients
• B. Removing waste products
• C. Regulating body temperature
• D. Protecting organs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The main function of the circulatory system is to transport oxygen and nutrients to the body's cells while removing waste products. Oxygen and nutrients are carried by the blood to various tissues and organs, ensuring they receive essential elements for their proper function. Waste products are then removed from the cells and transported to the appropriate organs for elimination. This process ensures the overall well-being and functionality of the body. Choice B, removing waste products, is partially correct as one of the functions of the circulatory system is indeed to eliminate waste from the body. However, the primary function is to transport oxygen and nutrients. Choice C, regulating body temperature, is incorrect as temperature regulation is mainly controlled by the body's respiratory and integumentary systems. Choice D, protecting organs, is not a primary function of the circulatory system; protection is more closely associated with the immune system and the skeletal system.

2. What is the primary function of the liver?

• A. Detoxifying harmful substances
• B. Producing bile
• C. Producing insulin
• D. Storing glycogen

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the liver is to detoxify harmful substances in the blood. While the liver also produces bile, which aids in digestion, stores glycogen for energy storage, and participates in metabolism, its main and essential function is detoxification. Producing insulin is mainly attributed to the pancreas, not the liver.

3. What is the primary function of the large intestine?

• A. To absorb water and form solid waste
• B. To produce digestive enzymes
• C. To secrete hormones
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter and form solid waste (feces) for excretion. This process helps in reabsorbing water and electrolytes, resulting in the formation of feces by compacting the waste material. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the large intestine is not responsible for producing digestive enzymes, secreting hormones, or transporting nutrients. These functions are typically associated with other parts of the digestive system.

4. Which of the heart's four chambers is the largest and the strongest?

• A. Right atrium
• B. Left ventricle
• C. Right ventricle
• D. Left atrium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber of the heart. It pumps oxygenated blood to the body, making it vital for systemic circulation. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, the right ventricle pumps this blood to the lungs, and the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

5. What is the primary function of platelets?

• A. To fight infections
• B. To clot blood
• C. To carry oxygen
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of platelets, or thrombocytes, is to clot blood. Platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis by forming clots to prevent excessive bleeding when injuries occur. They are not directly involved in fighting infections, carrying oxygen, or transporting nutrients. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

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