Nursing Elites

1. A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells tall and thin, and no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?

• A. Epithelial
• B. Connective
• C. Muscle
• D. Cartilage

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Epithelial.' Epithelial tissue is characterized by cells that cover internal and external surfaces, such as the lining of the stomach. It lacks an extracellular matrix, has tall and thin cells, and does not contain blood vessels. The other choices are incorrect because connective tissue typically has an extracellular matrix, muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells, and cartilage is a type of connective tissue with a specific extracellular matrix and cell arrangement.

2. Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for auditory functioning?

• A. Frontal lobe
• B. Temporal lobe
• C. Occipital lobe
• D. Parietal lobe

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Temporal lobe. The temporal lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing auditory information, including sound perception, speech recognition, and language comprehension. Damage to the temporal lobe can lead to difficulties in hearing, understanding spoken language, and recognizing familiar sounds. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the frontal lobe is mainly associated with functions such as decision-making and personality, the occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information, and the parietal lobe is involved in sensory functions and spatial processing, not auditory functioning.

3. What is the function of white blood cells?

• A. To carry oxygen to the cells
• B. To fight infection
• C. To transport nutrients
• D. To clot blood

Correct answer: B

Rationale: White blood cells are a vital part of the immune system. Their primary function is to fight infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that enter the body. They play a crucial role in protecting the body against illnesses and maintaining overall health. Choice A is incorrect because the role of carrying oxygen to cells is primarily performed by red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as the transportation of nutrients is mainly carried out by the bloodstream and specialized cells. Choice D is incorrect as the process of clotting blood is primarily mediated by platelets.

4. Which vitamin is essential for bone health?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin D
• C. Vitamin C
• D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin D is the correct answer. It is essential for bone health as it helps in the absorption of calcium, a crucial mineral for maintaining strong and healthy bones. Adequate levels of Vitamin D are necessary to prevent conditions like osteoporosis and ensure optimal bone development and strength. Choice A, Vitamin A, is important for vision and immune function, but it is not directly related to bone health. Choice C, Vitamin C, is essential for collagen synthesis and immune function, but it is not primarily responsible for bone health. Choice D, Vitamin K, plays a role in blood clotting and bone metabolism, but Vitamin D has a more direct impact on bone health through its role in calcium absorption.

5. Which of the following is not an example of a nonspecific immune response?

• A. Inflammation
• B. Vasodilation
• C. Release of histamine
• D. Production of antibodies

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Production of antibodies.' Antibodies are generated as part of the specific immune response, which targets specific antigens. Nonspecific immune responses, such as inflammation, vasodilation, and histamine release, are general defense mechanisms aimed at combating various pathogens. Inflammation is a localized response to infection or injury, vasodilation increases blood flow to the affected area, and histamine release triggers inflammatory responses. It's vital to differentiate between nonspecific responses that provide immediate, general protection and specific responses designed to tackle particular threats.

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