Nursing Elites

1. What is the law that states energy can neither be created nor destroyed?

• A. Law of Conservation of Matter
• B. Law of Conservation of Energy
• C. Law of Universal Gravitation
• D. Law of Inertia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Law of Conservation of Energy. This law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. The Law of Conservation of Matter (Choice A) is related to mass and the preservation of mass in a closed system, not energy. The Law of Universal Gravitation (Choice C) describes the force of attraction between objects with mass. The Law of Inertia (Choice D) states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.

2. Which hormone, produced by the thyroid gland, plays a key role in regulating calcium levels in the blood by promoting calcium release from bones and increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?

• A. Calcitonin
• B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• C. Thyroxine
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Calcitonin, produced by the thyroid gland, is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood. It works by decreasing blood calcium levels through two main mechanisms: promoting calcium uptake by bones and decreasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), on the other hand, increases blood calcium levels by promoting calcium release from bones and increasing calcium absorption in the intestines. Thyroxine, another thyroid hormone, primarily regulates metabolism and has no direct influence on calcium levels. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, is involved in regulating blood sugar levels and is not related to calcium homeostasis.

3. What is the stoichiometric coefficient of nitrogen (N2) in the balanced equation for the Haber process: N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3?

• A. 1
• B. 2
• C. 3
• D. 4

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the balanced equation for the Haber process: N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3, the stoichiometric coefficient of nitrogen (N2) is 1. This means that one molecule of nitrogen reacts with three molecules of hydrogen to produce two molecules of ammonia. The coefficient '1' indicates the mole ratio of N2 in the reaction. Choice B, 2, is incorrect because it represents the coefficient for ammonia (NH3) in the balanced equation. Choice C, 3, is incorrect as it corresponds to the coefficient of hydrogen (H2). Choice D, 4, is not the correct stoichiometric coefficient for nitrogen (N2) in this equation.

4. What is the main factor limiting population growth in K-strategists?

• A. Predation
• B. Availability of resources
• C. Competition
• D. Disease

Correct answer: B

Rationale: K-strategists are species with a low reproductive rate that invest more resources in raising fewer offspring. These species typically live in stable environments with limited resources. The main factor limiting population growth in K-strategists is the availability of resources such as food, shelter, and space. When resources are scarce, K-strategists may struggle to find enough to support their population size, leading to reduced reproductive success and population growth. While predation, competition, and disease can also impact population growth, the primary limiting factor for K-strategists is the availability of resources.

5. What happens to the frequency of a wave when its wavelength is doubled, assuming the speed remains constant?

• A. Frequency remains the same.
• B. Frequency is halved.
• C. Frequency is doubled.
• D. Frequency information is insufficient to determine.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When the wavelength of a wave is doubled, and the speed of the wave remains constant, the frequency of the wave is halved. This relationship is governed by the equation speed = frequency x wavelength. Therefore, if the wavelength is doubled while the speed remains constant, the frequency must be halved to maintain a constant speed. Choice A is incorrect because frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional when speed is constant. Choice C is incorrect as doubling the wavelength does not result in a doubled frequency. Choice D is incorrect as the relationship between frequency, wavelength, and speed can be determined using the given information.

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