Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of the skin in protecting the body?

• A. To produce vitamin D
• B. To protect against pathogens
• C. To store nutrients
• D. To regulate body temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The skin serves several crucial functions in protecting the body. One of its primary roles is to act as a physical barrier against pathogens, preventing harmful microorganisms from entering the body. Choice A, 'To produce vitamin D,' is incorrect because while the skin is involved in vitamin D synthesis upon exposure to sunlight, its primary protective role is against pathogens. Choice C, 'To store nutrients,' is incorrect as the skin is not a primary organ for nutrient storage. Choice D, 'To regulate body temperature,' is a function of the skin, but the primary role in protecting the body is to act as a barrier against pathogens.

2. A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells tall and thin, and no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?

• A. Epithelial
• B. Connective
• C. Muscle
• D. Cartilage

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Epithelial.' Epithelial tissue is characterized by cells that cover internal and external surfaces, such as the lining of the stomach. It lacks an extracellular matrix, has tall and thin cells, and does not contain blood vessels. The other choices are incorrect because connective tissue typically has an extracellular matrix, muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells, and cartilage is a type of connective tissue with a specific extracellular matrix and cell arrangement.

3. What is the name of the bone in the human thigh?

• A. Ulna
• B. Femur
• C. Radius
• D. Humerus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Femur. The femur, also known as the thigh bone, is located in the human thigh. It is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. The ulna, radius, and humerus, on the other hand, are bones found in the arm. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are bones of the arm, not the thigh.

4. Which of the following structures has the lowest blood pressure?

• A. arteries
• B. arterioles
• C. venules
• D. veins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Veins have the lowest blood pressure among the listed structures. This is because veins carry blood back to the heart at a slower rate compared to arteries, arterioles, and venules. The lower blood pressure in veins allows for the efficient return of blood to the heart despite the decreased pressure. Arteries have high blood pressure as they transport blood away from the heart at a rapid rate. Arterioles are smaller branches of arteries and contribute to resistance in the circulatory system, leading to a pressure drop. Venules are small blood vessels that collect blood from capillaries and gradually converge into veins, having slightly higher pressure than veins.

5. Which part of the brain monitors and controls the body's movement?

• A. Top, middle portion of the parietal lobe
• B. Back of the head
• C. Front portion of the parietal lobe
• D. Around the auditory cortex

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the front portion of the parietal lobe. The motor cortex, located in this area, is responsible for planning, controlling, and executing voluntary movements. It plays a crucial role in coordinating the body's movement. Choice A, the top, middle portion of the parietal lobe, is incorrect as this region is more involved in processing sensory information rather than controlling movement. Choice B, the back of the head, is incorrect as it typically refers to the occipital lobe responsible for processing visual information. Choice D, around the auditory cortex, is incorrect as the auditory cortex is primarily involved in processing auditory information, not controlling body movement.

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