Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?

• A. Secreting digestive enzymes
• B. Producing bile
• C. Storing glucose
• D. Regulating blood sugar levels

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Secreting digestive enzymes. The pancreas aids in digestion by secreting digestive enzymes that are essential for breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. These enzymes help in the absorption of nutrients from food, facilitating the digestive process. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. The pancreas does not produce bile (choice B), store glucose (choice C), or primarily regulate blood sugar levels (choice D) in the context of digestion.

2. What is the function of white blood cells?

• A. To carry oxygen to the cells
• B. To fight infection
• C. To transport nutrients
• D. To clot blood

Correct answer: B

Rationale: White blood cells are a vital part of the immune system. Their primary function is to fight infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that enter the body. They play a crucial role in protecting the body against illnesses and maintaining overall health. Choice A is incorrect because the role of carrying oxygen to cells is primarily performed by red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as the transportation of nutrients is mainly carried out by the bloodstream and specialized cells. Choice D is incorrect as the process of clotting blood is primarily mediated by platelets.

3. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?

• A. Cerebellum
• B. Cerebrum
• C. Medulla oblongata
• D. Brainstem

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the cerebellum. Located at the back of the brain, the cerebellum plays a crucial role in controlling balance, coordination, and fine motor movements. It receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain to coordinate voluntary movements and maintain posture. Damage to the cerebellum can result in issues with balance, coordination, and muscle tone. The cerebrum is responsible for higher brain functions like thinking and problem-solving, the medulla oblongata controls vital autonomic functions like breathing and heartbeat, and the brainstem serves as a pathway for neural fibers traveling to and from the brain.

4. Which structure in the ear is responsible for balance?

• A. Cochlea
• B. Semicircular canals
• C. Ossicles
• D. Eustachian tube

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The semicircular canals in the inner ear are responsible for maintaining balance by detecting changes in head position and movement. These structures contain fluid and hair cells that send signals to the brain regarding the body's orientation in space, helping us stay balanced and navigate our surroundings. The cochlea is responsible for hearing, the ossicles are involved in sound transmission, and the Eustachian tube helps equalize pressure in the middle ear, but they are not directly related to balance.

5. How might the headrest on a car prevent traumatic injury?

• A. By limiting hyperflexion of the neck
• B. By limiting hyperextension of the neck
• C. By reducing vertebral compression
• D. By preventing disc degeneration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The headrest on a car is designed to prevent traumatic injury by limiting hyperextension of the neck during a rear-end collision. This helps reduce the risk of whiplash and other neck injuries that may occur when the head is forcefully thrown backward. Choice A is incorrect because hyperflexion is not the primary concern in rear-end collisions. Choice C is incorrect as the headrest does not directly reduce vertebral compression. Choice D is incorrect because the headrest is not directly involved in preventing disc degeneration.

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