Nursing Elites

1. What is the best summary of this passage?

• A. Humans can use coloration and markings on snakes to determine whether they’re venomous.
• B. Animals use coloration to hide from predators.
• C. The scarlet kingsnake and the coral snake have nearly identical markings.
• D. Venomous snakes often have bright markings, although nonvenomous snakes can also mimic those colors.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The best summary of the passage is that humans can use coloration and markings on snakes to determine whether they're venomous. The passage discusses how snake markings serve the purpose of warning predators and helping humans identify venomous snakes by their bright coloration. Choice B is incorrect because the passage focuses on how coloration helps snakes evade predators rather than hide from them. Choice C is incorrect as it only mentions two specific snakes with similar markings, which is a minor detail compared to the main point of identifying venomous snakes. Choice D is incorrect because it only partially reflects the passage, focusing solely on the relationship between markings and venom in snakes, missing the crucial aspect of human ability to discern venomous snakes based on their coloration.

2. Which of the following words are synonyms for 'erroneously' as used in the passage?

• A. Correctly
• B. Inconsequentially
• C. Mistakenly
• D. Extraneously

Correct answer: C

Rationale: 'Erroneously' means incorrectly or mistakenly, which aligns with the context provided in the passage. Therefore, 'Incorrectly' and 'Mistakenly' are synonyms for 'erroneously.' 'Inconsequentially' means not resulting in any significant consequence, which is not synonymous with 'erroneously.' 'Extraneously' means irrelevant or unnecessary, which is also not a synonym for 'erroneously.'

3. Based on the information in the announcement, what might the reader assume about how the university determined the lunch schedule?

• A. The university arranged the schedule alphabetically, according to the name of each department.
• B. The university checked with the departments in advance to make sure faculty members would be amenable to the change.
• C. The university checked to see when the most faculty members from each department would be entering the canteen.
• D. The university was more concerned about crowding in the canteen and simply decided to establish different times for each department.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The announcement states that the university polled the various departments about schedules to determine a recommended roster for each department to visit the canteen for lunch. This indicates that the university checked to see when the most faculty members from each department would be entering the canteen to offset the crowding issue. Therefore, the correct choice is C. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because there is no mention of arranging the schedule alphabetically, checking with departments in advance for agreement, or simply establishing different times without considering faculty members' schedules in the announcement. The university's approach was to tailor the lunch schedule based on each department's peak entry times to manage the crowding problem effectively.

4. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

• A. One hairy monkey proves the hypothesis 'All monkeys are hairy.'
• B. The same piece of evidence can both confirm and disconfirm a hypothesis.
• C. Confirming and disconfirming evidence affect hypotheses differently.
• D. The scientific method is not a failsafe method for arriving at objective truth.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The main idea of the second paragraph is that confirming and disconfirming evidence can affect hypotheses differently, as stated in the passage - 'Single pieces of evidence then, seem to affect a given hypothesis in radically different ways.' Choice A is incorrect because the paragraph discusses how single pieces of evidence affect hypotheses, not that one hairy monkey proves a hypothesis. Choice B is incorrect as the paragraph focuses on the different effects of evidence on hypotheses, rather than its ability to confirm and disconfirm simultaneously. Choice D is incorrect as the paragraph does not primarily discuss the scientific method's failings but rather the impact of evidence on hypotheses.

5. What do you predict occurred after Mother Jones's publication about child labor in cotton mills?

• A. More children signed up to work in the factories
• B. Cotton factories in the South closed
• C. Laws were passed to prevent child labor
• D. The pay scale for these children was increased

Correct answer: C

Rationale: After Mother Jones's publication detailing the harsh conditions of child labor in cotton mills, it is likely that public awareness increased, leading to public outcry. This heightened awareness and outrage often result in legislative actions being taken. Therefore, it is reasonable to predict that laws were passed to prevent child labor, as the excerpt vividly describes the unsafe and exploitative working conditions faced by children. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the publication would not have encouraged more children to work in such harsh conditions, led to the closure of cotton factories, or increased the pay scale for child laborers; instead, it would have prompted societal action to protect children from such exploitation.

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