Nursing Elites

1. What is the fundamental unit of life?

• A. Atom
• B. Cell
• C. Tissue
• D. Organ

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: Cell.' Cells are indeed the fundamental unit of life as they are responsible for all living functions, including growth, reproduction, and maintaining homeostasis. While atoms are the basic building blocks of matter, cells are the smallest structural and functional unit of living organisms. Choices C and D, tissue and organ respectively, are composed of multiple cells working together and are not considered the basic unit of life.

2. Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing ATP in cells?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Mitochondrion
• C. Chloroplast
• D. Lysosome

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Mitochondrion.' Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for producing ATP, the energy currency of the cell. The nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material and controlling cell activities, not for ATP production. Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, not ATP production. Lysosomes are involved in digestion and waste removal, not ATP production.

3. The two catabolic pathways that lead to cellular energy production are:

• A. fermentation and protein synthesis
• B. cellular respiration and glycolysis
• C. fermentation and glycolysis
• D. cellular respiration and fermentation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: cellular respiration and fermentation. Cellular respiration involves the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, which is the primary source of energy for cells. Fermentation, on the other hand, occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces ATP through glycolysis followed by specific fermentation pathways. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Protein synthesis is a biosynthetic process, not a catabolic pathway for energy production. Glycolysis is a common step in both cellular respiration and fermentation, so it is not a pair of distinct catabolic pathways. Therefore, the most accurate pairing of catabolic pathways for cellular energy production is cellular respiration and fermentation.

4. Which organelle contains the genetic material of the cell?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Ribosome
• C. Endoplasmic reticulum
• D. Nucleus

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: Nucleus.' The nucleus is the organelle that contains the cell's genetic material, which is the DNA. The genetic material in the nucleus controls the cell's activities and plays a crucial role in inheritance. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging of proteins; ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis; and endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis and transportation, but none of them contain the genetic material of the cell.

5. What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?

• A. Energy production
• B. Protein synthesis
• C. Waste removal
• D. Transport of materials

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The endoplasmic reticulum's primary function is the transport of materials within the cell. It acts as a network of membranes to assist in the transportation of proteins and other substances throughout the cell. Choice A, 'Energy production,' is incorrect because the endoplasmic reticulum is not directly involved in energy production. Choice B, 'Protein synthesis,' is incorrect as protein synthesis mainly occurs in ribosomes, although the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in modifying and transporting proteins. Choice C, 'Waste removal,' is also incorrect as waste removal is primarily handled by other organelles like lysosomes and peroxisomes.

Similar Questions