Nursing Elites

1. What is a major difference in the way baroreceptors and chemoreceptors work from the way the kidneys work?

• A. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors send impulses from the arteries, while the kidneys control blood volume.
• B. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors both work to help maintain blood volume, whereas the kidneys take care of salts, water, and waste removal.
• C. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors must work together to control blood pressure, whereas the kidneys work with the adrenal cortex.
• D. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are both located near the adrenal cortex, whereas the kidneys are located near the heart.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors send impulses from the arteries, while the kidneys control blood volume. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are responsible for monitoring blood pressure by sensing changes in pressure, oxygen levels, carbon dioxide levels, and pH within the arteries. They send out impulses to raise or lower blood pressure accordingly. On the other hand, the kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood volume by absorbing salts and water and removing waste products. This key difference highlights that while baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are involved in monitoring and regulating blood pressure, the kidneys primarily focus on controlling blood volume. Choice B is incorrect because it inaccurately states that baroreceptors and chemoreceptors help maintain blood volume, which is not their primary function. Choice C is incorrect as it provides an inaccurate comparison between the roles of baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the kidneys. Choice D is incorrect as it wrongly associates the location of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors with the adrenal cortex, which is not accurate.

2. What is stated in the passage?

• A. Physical illness can cause insomnia.
• B. Exercise causes insomnia.
• C. There is no solution to insomnia.
• D. Sleep is unnecessary for good health.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Physical illness can cause insomnia.' The passage mentions that chronic insomnia can result from a medical illness, among other conditions. This indicates a direct link between physical illness and insomnia. Choice B is incorrect as the passage does not mention exercise causing insomnia but actually suggests developing good sleep habits as a solution. Choice C is incorrect as the passage provides solutions to insomnia, such as sleep hygiene and non-pharmacological therapies. Choice D is incorrect as the passage emphasizes the importance of getting a good night's sleep for good health, implying that sleep is necessary.

3. What is the meaning of the word "pulses" as it appears in the first paragraph?

• A. The regular throbbing of the arteries caused by successive contractions of the heart
• B. The general attitude of the public or a specific population toward health concerns
• C. The edible seeds produced by legumes such as peas, beans, or lentils
• D. Any type of food with animal origins such as butter, honey, or eggs

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the context of the passage, "pulses" refers to the edible seeds produced by legumes.

4. Throughout this passage, the word suit means?

• A. A set of clothing.
• B. A group of cards in a deck.
• C. A legal case.
• D. A formal request.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. In the passage, the word 'suit' refers to one of the four groups of cards in a deck of playing cards. The passage explains how the suits of cards, such as spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs, are used in the game of Bridge. Choice A, 'A set of clothing,' is incorrect as it does not relate to the context of playing cards. Choice C, 'A legal case,' and Choice D, 'A formal request,' are also incorrect as they have no relevance to the discussion of card games in the passage.

5. The passage mentions all of these uses for microscopy EXCEPT ___________.

• A. Ear surgery
• B. Amputations
• C. Vasectomies
• D. Reconstructions

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The passage discusses various uses of microscopy in surgery, including ear surgery, amputations, and reconstructions. However, vasectomies are not mentioned as an application of microscopy in the text. Therefore, vasectomies are the exception among the listed uses. Choices A, B, and D are supported by details in the extract, making them incorrect answers. The passage highlights the uses of microscopy in delicate ear operations, repairing blood vessels in partially amputated limbs, and improving breast reconstructions. While vasectomies are mentioned briefly in the extract, they are not connected to the application of microscopy in the context of surgeries.

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