Nursing Elites

1. What happens to the force of gravity between two objects when the distance between them is doubled?

• A. The force increases by a factor of 2
• B. The force increases by a factor of 4
• C. The force decreases by a factor of 2
• D. The force decreases by a factor of 4

Correct answer: D

Rationale: According to the law of universal gravitation, the force of gravity between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. When the distance is doubled, the force decreases by a factor of 2 squared, which is 4. Therefore, the force decreases by a factor of 4. Choice A is incorrect because the force doesn't increase when the distance is doubled. Choice B is incorrect as the force doesn't increase but actually decreases. Choice C is incorrect as the force decreases by a factor of 4, not 2.

2. Which type of muscle tissue has a unique branching network and is found in the heart?

• A. Skeletal muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Smooth muscle
• D. Multifidus muscle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle is the type of muscle tissue that has a unique branching network and is found in the heart. This type of muscle is involuntary and contracts rhythmically to pump blood throughout the body. Skeletal muscle, choice A, is attached to bones and is responsible for voluntary movements. Smooth muscle, choice C, is found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels, playing a role in involuntary movements. Multifidus muscle, choice D, is a specific muscle in the back that helps with spinal stability, unrelated to the unique branching network found in cardiac muscle.

3. What are enzymes?

• A. Building blocks of muscle
• B. Biological catalysts
• C. Energy source
• D. Antibodies

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Enzymes are biological catalysts, not building blocks of muscle. They speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process. Enzymes are not an energy source or antibodies. They play a crucial role in various biological processes by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, thereby increasing the rate of the reaction.

4. What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

• A. Active immunity is short-lived, while passive immunity is long-lasting.
• B. Active immunity involves the body's own immune response, while passive immunity provides immediate protection through antibodies from another source.
• C. Active immunity only protects against bacterial infections, while passive immunity works against both bacteria and viruses.
• D. Passive immunity requires repeated vaccinations, while active immunity is a one-time process.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Active immunity involves the body's own immune response, where the individual's immune system produces antibodies in response to exposure to a pathogen or vaccine. This type of immunity is long-lasting because the immune system 'remembers' the pathogen and can mount a rapid response upon re-exposure. In contrast, passive immunity provides immediate protection through the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from another source, such as through maternal antibodies crossing the placenta or receiving antibodies through an injection. Passive immunity is short-lived because the transferred antibodies eventually degrade and are not produced by the recipient's immune system. Choice A is incorrect because active immunity is generally long-lasting, as it involves the production of antibodies by the individual's immune system. Choice C is incorrect as both active and passive immunity can work against various pathogens, not limited to bacteria or viruses. Choice D is incorrect as passive immunity does not require repeated vaccinations but provides temporary protection through the transfer of antibodies from an external source.

5. What happens to the potential energy of an object when it is lifted higher above the ground?

• A. Potential energy decreases
• B. Potential energy remains the same
• C. Potential energy increases
• D. Potential energy becomes zero

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When an object is lifted higher above the ground, its potential energy increases. This is because the higher the object is lifted, the greater its potential energy due to the increased distance from the ground. The formula for gravitational potential energy is PE = mgh, where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height above the reference point. Therefore, as the height (h) increases, the potential energy (PE) also increases, making choice C the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because when an object is lifted higher, it gains potential energy rather than losing it, keeping it the same, or becoming zero. Thus, the correct answer is that the potential energy of an object increases when it is lifted higher above the ground.

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